Epic of Beowulf Essay - Armor in the Epic Poem, Beowulf -- Epic Beowul

Armor in the poem Beowulf Armor mentioned in the poem Beowulf include helmets and chain mail. There are an incredible number of references to these battle-apparel in the poem, make this topic of armor a very relevant one to consider. Helmets are the most dramatic and often quoted item of armor found in Beowulf, says Catherine M. Hills in Beowulf and Archaeology. Indeed, examining the poem, one finds copious references to helmets in just the first 400 lines of the poem Boar-figures gleamed over plated cheek-guards, inlaid with gold shining, fire-hardened, fierce war-masks guarded their lives (303-6) iron-gray corselets, and grim mask-helmets (334) the Geatish attracter spoke in his turn, strong in his helmet (341-2) Now you may enter, in your battle-armor, wearing war-masks (395-6) Brave in his helmet he advanced till he stood before the king (403-4) Beowulfs own helmet was inlaid with gold, hooped with lodly bands, and decorated with effigies of boars (Ar nold 91). In Europe there have been found about 100 helmets dating mostly to the sixth and seventh centuries of the deuce-ace types, two are from the Romans. 37 are of the English-Scandinavian type, with a ridge running across the top from nose to rear. Some of these were found buried in cremations in Gotland. In England only three Anglo-Saxon helmets have been found Benty Grange 7th century York 8th Century Sutton Hoo 6th century. section of chain-mail was found attached to the York helmet as a nec... ...tion and design in the making of helmets especially. BIBLIOGRAPHY Arnold, Ralph. Royal Halls the Sutton Hoo ShipBurial. In Beowulf The Donaldson Translation, alter by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co. 1975 Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York Anchor Books, 1977. Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1990. Cramp, Rosemary. Beowulf and Archaeology. In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Hills, Catherine M. Beowulf and Archaeology. In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997. Stanley, E.G.. Beowulf. In The Beowulf Reader, edited by Peter S. Baker. New York grace Publishing, 2000.

Distance Education Essay -- Learning Educational School Essays

Distance EducationTraditionally, in the field of education, courses view as been designed and student/ instructor interactions have taken place through the teaching/learning process where the student and teacher are in the same location at the same beat discussing the same topic. Students and teachers usually meet in this predetermined location at a predetermined time to interact in a classroom setting. The absence seizure of either party usually has a negative result. Distance education has captured the interest of educators because it removes the restrictions of time and location for the involved learner and the teacher. Distance learning is fetching instruction to the student through technology rather than the student to the instruction (Cohen, 1999, p. 218). Distance education seems new to many when in actuality it has been around for some time. It began as correspondence learning in the last century and continued into this century, transforming into mass communications throug h the use of radio and television (Cohen, 1999, p. 218). Distance education unless developed in the forms of extended education, open education, and distance learning (McIssac & Blocher, 1998, p. 43). Now, distance education takes on many forms teleconferencing, electronic mail, web-based instruction, chat rooms, satellite television, computer networks, and virtual(prenominal) classrooms just to name a few. Distance education has evolved from the use of primarily print-based materials into a worldwide movement using various technologies (McIsaac & Blocher, 1998, p. 43). Distance learning open fire be interactive or non-interactive learning. Interactive learning can be synchronic or asynchronic or a combination of the two. Synchronic learning is where the teacher and stud... ...can Journal of Distance Education, 8, 2, 30-42.Kearsley, G. (March-April 1998). Educational technology a critique. Educational Technology, 38, 2, 47-51.McIsaac, M. S., & Blocher, J. M. (March 1998). How res earch in distance education can affect practice. Educational Media International, 35, 1, 43-47.Moller, L. (1998). Designing communities of learners for asynchronous distance education. Educational Technology Research & Design, 46, 4, 115-122.Moore, M. G. (1990). Recent contributions to the theory of distance education. Open Learning, 5, 3, 10-13.Offir, B., & Lev, Y. (June 1999). Teacher-learner interaction in the process of operating dl (distance learning) systems. Educational Media International, 36, 2, 132-136.Willis, B. (January-February 1998). useful distance education planning lessons learned. Educational Technology, 38, 1, 57-59.

Federal Reserve :: Economics

The national provide is the central bank of the UnitedStates. It was created by Congress to provide the nationwith a safer, much plastic and more stable monetary and financial strategy. The Federal Reserve was created onDecember 23, 1913, with the signing of the Federal ReserveAct by President Woodrow Wilson. Today, the FederalReserves duties fall into four general areasconducting thenations monetary policy by influencing money and creditconditions in the economy in following of full employment andstable prices, regulating banking institutions to ensure thesafety of the nations banking and financial system and toprotect the credit rights of consumers, maintaining thestability of the financial system and providing certainfinancial services to the U.S. government, to the public, tofinancial institutions and to foreign official institutions.The structure of the Federal Reserve was designedby Congress to give it a kind perspective on the economyand on economic activity in all part s of the nation. It iscomposed of a central government agency(Board of Governors)in capital of the United States D.C., 12 regional Reserve Banks, located inmajor cities around the nation. The Federal Reserves income comes from theinte liberalisation on U.S. government securities that it has acquired through equal to(p) market operations. Other sources of income arethe interest on foreign currency investments. Once theFederal Reserve has paid its expenses, it then turns overthe rest of its shekels to the U.S.Federal Reserve EconomicsThe Federal Reserve is the central bank of the UnitedStates. It was created by Congress to provide the nationwith a safer, more flexible and more stable monetary andfinancial system. The Federal Reserve was created onDecember 23, 1913, with the signing of the Federal ReserveAct by President Woodrow Wilson. Today, the FederalReserves duties fall into four general areasconducting thenations monetary policy by influencing money and creditconditions in th e economy in pursuit of full employment andstable prices, regulating banking institutions to ensure thesafety of the nations banking and financial system and toprotect the credit rights of consumers, maintaining thestability of the financial system and providing certainfinancial services to the U.S. government, to the public, tofinancial institutions and to foreign official institutions.The structure of the Federal Reserve was designedby Congress to give it a broad perspective on the economyand on economic activity in all parts of the nation. It iscomposed of a central government agency(Board of Governors)in Washington D.C., 12 regional Reserve Banks, located inmajor cities around the nation. The Federal Reserves income comes from theinterest on U.S. government securities that it has acquiredthrough open market operations. Other sources of income arethe interest on foreign currency investments. Once theFederal Reserve has paid its expenses, it then turns overthe rest of its earnings to the U.S.

Carl Sandburgs View of Language Essay -- Poem Poet Essays

Carl Sandburgs View of LanguageCarl Sandburgs poem Languages is a poem about how expressions screwing change everyplace time. On the surface level, it compares the evolution of language to the formation of a river. At the same time, however, it makes a statement on why languages are difficult to denounce and mark. The lines dividing languages blur very easily.LanguagesThere are no handles upon a languageWhereby men take hold of itAnd mark it with signs for its remembrance.It is a river, this language,Once in a thousand yearsBreaking a new courseChanging its way to the ocean.It is mountain effluviaMoving to valleysAnd from nation to nationCrossing borders and mixing.Languages die standardised rivers.Words wrapped round your tongue at onceAnd broken to shape of thoughtBetween your teeth and lips speakingNow and todayShall be colored hieroglyphicsTen thousand years from now.Sing-and singing-rememberYour song dies and changesAnd is not here tomorrowAny more than the windBlowing ten thousand years agoThe starting time three lines of the poem talk about how man has no firm grip on language. It is clearly not a physical thing to be grasped, and it cannot be marked as such. There is an attachment surrounded by men and language, but it is not clear. This may be a statement on the numerous different languages humans speak. It may not be clear when a language has completely changed into something different, or when it is merely a different dialect. It is hard to insure where the boundaries are, which is why it is described as having no handles for men to take hold of and mark it with signs for its remembrance. These difficulties arise because exactly what makes a language is difficult to determine. Sometimes it can be... ...guage dies.In its entirety, this poem describes how a language can evolve or die, and how things said in this language can change or die with it. Boundaries between languages may not be clear. Like rivers they can travel close to gether, or merge completely. All languages, however, act as rivers. They start at a source and travel. They then travel, merge, or fade away. Upon closer examination, the poem also says why languages are difficult to label. The reason is that they change with time. The English language of today is not the same English language spoken hundreds of years ago. As all languages evolve similarly, this applies to all languages. Subtle changes in gestures, writing, or spoken language eventually add up. After a long enough period of time it is as though an entirely new language has formed, but unploughed the same name as the previous language.

Jewish persecution :: essays research papers

Jewish Persecution     The Jewish Persecution began during 1933. The Jews were faced with the terrorist group called the National Socialist German Workers party (Nazi) hate this happened when Hitler came into power. He devised labor camps where he would send individuals who opposed his ideas, and Jews. The conditions in these camps were so bad that it is hard to describe them. The prisoners were treated very badly. In this time, the Nazi regime keep to deprive Jews of their rights and possessions.      In 1938 Jewish homes and schools are looted or destroyed. Jews could not sit on park benches or swim in public pools. The government seized Jewish businesses as well as personal property. Jews were beaten, more than 90 are killed, and 30,000 Jewish people were sent to concentration camps. They beat Jews in the streets and attacked them in their homes. Jews had to sell their businesses and other property to the government at unnaturally low pri ces. The night became known as Kristallnacht, a German word meaning crystallization Night.                 In 1939, 300,000 Jews had been eliminated from the German community. Millions more Jews came under German control. Jews in Poland are forced to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband. By the end of the war, the Nazis had killed about 6 million Jewish men, women, and children thats more than two-thirds of the Jews in Europe. Many of the Holocaust victims were killed in specially constructed bobble house, and their bodies were then burned. The Nazis also moved many Jews from towns and villages into city ghettos.     During 1942-1943 German government officials discuss the "Final Solution," their plan to kill all Jews in Europe. This policy called for the hit of every Jewish man, woman, and child under German rule. Jews are deported from Nazi-o ccupied countries throughout Europe to ghettos, concentration camps and killing centers in Poland. In the early 1940s, several brisk camps were established, with specially constructed gas chambers disguised as showers.           The Nazis herded the Jews into railroad freight cars to be taken to the camps. As many as 2,000 prisoners were sent into the gas chambers at one time. The guards shaved the heads of the corpses and removed any gold teeth from their mouths. Then they burned the bodies in crematoriums or open pits. The well prisoners had their heads shaved and

Jewish persecution :: essays research papers

Judaic Persecution     The Jewish Persecution began during 1933. The Jews were faced with the terrorist group called the National Socialist German Workers party (Nazi) hate this happened when Hitler came into power. He devised labor camps where he would send individuals who opposed his ideas, and Jews. The conditions in these camps were so bad that it is hard to describe them. The pris atomic number 53rs were treated very badly. In this time, the Nazi government continued to deprive Jews of their rights and possessions.      In 1938 Jewish homes and schools are looted or destroyed. Jews could not sit on park benches or swim in public pools. The government seized Jewish businesses as well as personal property. Jews were beaten, more than 90 are killed, and 30,000 Jewish people were sent to concentration camps. They beat Jews in the streets and attacked them in their homes. Jews had to sell their businesses and new(prenominal) property to the government at unnaturally low prices. The night became known as Kristallnacht, a German word meaning Crystal Night.                 In 1939, 300,000 Jews had been eliminated from the German community. Millions more Jews came under German control. Jews in Poland are forced to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband. By the end of the war, the Nazis had killed about 6 million Jewish men, women, and children thats more than two-thirds of the Jews in Europe. Many of the Holocaust victims were killed in specially constructed spatter chambers, and their bodies were then burned. The Nazis similarly moved many Jews from towns and villages into city ghettos.     During 1942-1943 German government officials discuss the "Final Solution," their plan to kill all Jews in Europe. This policy called for the murder of every Jewish man, woman, and child under German rule. Jews are deported from Nazi-occupied countries throughout Europe to ghettos, concentration camps and killing centers in Poland. In the early 1940s, several new camps were established, with specially constructed gas chambers disguised as showers.           The Nazis herded the Jews into railroad freight cars to be taken to the camps. As many as 2,000 prisoners were sent into the gas chambers at one time. The guards shaved the heads of the corpses and removed any gold teeth from their mouths. Then they burned the bodies in crematoriums or open pits. The well prisoners had their heads shaved and

Bra Boys Analysis

The identity of the bandeau Boys can be seen through their values and attitudes. They are presented through the Cody, the value of br otherwisewise charge and Attitude of brother ship through their tattoos and being there for each other. In part 1 of brassiere boys, the Boys had taken Jesse Pollock and other younger pack on trips to surf. This had been carried on from what the other Bra Boys did for Cody and his friends. This shows their values of their society and community, as they are willing to give the younger generations to toughen up and be free with the surf.This shows htat apart from their demonic side, they also have the value of family and friendship with the younger generation. The Bra Boys value towards the beach is shown to be their lifesaver. The beach and surf is everything to them. Sunny Abberton, a Bra boy said The surf, had saved so many kids around here, that have led them to a life style of the ocean instead of a lifestyle in crime. Showing that the beach has saved them on accounts and they have an optimistic value of the beach.Values of the Bra boys is brother ship, as they had each others back. When 2 people had a fight with politics in a party during Christmas, everyone got into the brawl. This shows how the value of being together in the Bra boys is strong. One study values the boys have is having fun with others. In the serious of montages, the Bra Boys are shown to be jumping on each other, setting alight each other and each them jump off the cliffs and even jumping on a bus. This shows that they highly value fun in their lives as they want all the fun.This injection plays with the light hearted tune, this influences the value of fun in the Bra Boys life and their value of belonging as they do what they want and what they believe is right. That is the idenity presented as a Bra Boy. To have fun their own way. Survival and a sense of belonging. The Bra boys values of survival is shown as they survived from various gangs, depr ession, fights and drugs. They had shown that they want to survive for the beach, as it is their legacy. For the Bra Boys, they showed a sense of belonging by helping each other through tough times and helping the younger generations.The Bra Boys identity of attitudes is shown that they have each other backs and that they do not wish to do harm. Their attitudes towards the police is hatred as they were in a fight with the authorities. However, the authorities lost but the media had portrayed them to be the victims. The police thinks the Bra boys as criminals and always suspects them, thus they have a negative attitude towards the police. The attitude towards people similar to the bra boys in the past, cold, hurt ad alone. The Bra Boys have the attitude of being there for those to toughen them up and be the Bra boys just as the older Bra Boys did the same thing to them.The attitude towards Ma shows their love and symbolizes what Ma is to them. Their love and kindness in parity the l anguage used in the other parts of the film shows how they value and their attitude towards their caretaker and the start of the Bra Boys. Their tone and voise is different in comparison to the other tones that is used. Not only that, there is something that is only presented in this scene that the Bra Boys does. This type of body language shows their affectiong and their attitudes towards Ma as she is the most important psyche to the Bra Boys. They Hugged her.

Installation Art and Architecture Essay

Architecture has produced builds that was revered, respected and someaffair that captured the awe of the people for years. It was the source of something beautiful and in time dainty. It was because of architecture that the likes of the P rusehenon, as well as the opposite majestic palaces and cathedrals and some former(a) structures things that people pack con aspectred as aesthetic and beautiful was created and later enthroned in the annals of what is beautiful and what is wileistic productionistic.Architecture has endured for years, but the growth of the entrust of architecture too made it possible for the creation of other disciplines from which what is beautiful and fine guileistic creationistic would be derived from. wiz of the things that were always placed side by side with architecture today, when it comes to the consideration of contrivance and beauty inside space and location, is quickness artistic creation. Over the years, inst entirelying art has c onstruct widespread and gained popularity.But the spread of generalization art has one serious repercussion its act of intrusion in the realm of architecture, an act of intrusion that is not harmoniously creative but is sometimes destructive too. There maybe instances wherein the collaboration and fusion of architecture and inductance art can produce something that exudes harmonized beauty and reflect certain artistic values and content.What captures the attention of professionals is how origination art appears to be more inclined in attacking the space and the features of architecture, either as part of its overall artistic outlook or just because this is a necessary feature of speech for episode art to fully manifest itself. This has been an key point of argument since generalization art has emerged. There are those who believe that the two disciplines exist in harmony together while in that respect are those who believe otherwise.Because of this, the paper allow exten d to discuss and analyse what the relationship is between initiation art and architecture, how art invades architectural space, when and how art and architecture intersect and what leave be the result of the collaboration of art and architecture. The Evolution of Installation Art Installation art, as the name implies, is all some a work of art that was installed in a cross place. It maybe a simple object or a collection of objects, that occupies in truth little space.It can be something a sight or optic cue that can make the audience feel as if they were transformed in another place because of the broadness of the reach, physically, of the founding art that a solely new environment was created because of instalment art. There are many different components that may make up a work of art considered as installation art (since anything that can be installed in a place can be a part of installation art).From video presentations to exhibited photographs, sculpture and other graph icss, these all contribute to make installation art what it is and to help installation art achieve its goal, and that is to transform a particular place in such a way that what was achieved was the hump and sensory cues that the artist(s) wanted or anticipated in the creation of installation art. Installation art, like any other art styles, musical genres and movements have beginnings in different countries and many places around the world proved amenable to the growth, patronage and continued development of installation art (Childs, Storry, 1999, p.273). Considered as a genre or art movement that is still under the contemporary art era, installation art was felt as early as the seventies. A very good example of some of the earliest installation art include the latrine turned fountain by Marcel Duchamp entitled Fountain, a work of art that was controversial and sensational largely because of what it presented and the social taboos and conventions that it challenged during its rel ease.Joining Duchamp as some of the earliest proponents of installation art includes Kurt Schwitters, as well as the Gutai group, an art group that was situated outside of the US and in Japan, and the American Allan Kaprow. These individuals are just some of the prominent individuals in installation art browsing intensively through the history of installation art. Research would reveal several other individuals who participated in the establishment and growth of installation art around the world (Childs, Storry, 1999, p. 273). Kaprow was considered as one of the artists who helped guide the idea of installation art towards what it is today.He has postulated many different ideas that concretized the concept of installation art since its early years. Kaprows idea about environmental art contributed towards the development of installation art as how it is know today. By the start of the last two decades of the 20th century, installation art was already known in many parts of the world , including European countries (Childs, Storry, 1999, p. 273). The term installation art has been in common use since at least the mid-1980s and installations have become familiar sights in British museums and galleries in the 1990s (Childs, Storry, p273). Besides Kaprow, there is also the famous installation art pioneer, Ilya Kabakov, who was also instrumental in underdeveloped installation art. Together with Kaprow, Kabarov helped in bringing installation art closer to the people, as well as to the artists by using the academe and including installation art in what they teach in school so that students will understand installation art better and maybe even contribute to installation art in the future (Al-Qawasmi, De Velasco, 2006, p. 117). Two of the key coiners of installation art are Allan Kaprow and Ilya Kabakov.Both artists not only made art installation but they also introduced the practice into academia (Al-Qawasmi, De Velasco, 2006, p. 117). Kabakov and Kaprow and their r ole in the introduction of installation art in the consciousness of art students learning in the academe is instrumental in the growth of installation art, which , in one way brought installation art and architecture closer together. The idea behind the creation of the discipline that would be known as installation art lies on the belief of the artists that there are other ways that can be explored.The viewing experience of the people who are trying to appreciate art is something that the audience can experience, detect and maximize (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). The physical attributes of the place contributes in make the artistic exhibition what it was, therefore, bringing the artworks and the experience closer to the people and helping them identify with their selves better while being immersed in the art they are witnessing in installation art exhibits.Installation art attempts to reduce the boundaries between the viewer and the viewed and bring the artists ideas to a situation wh ere they can be communicated more directly (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). From lifting from available materials, installation art experienced an important change when television and video recording was introduced. It allowed the artists more diversity in their works and allowed more ways and bastardlys for the artwork to be presented to the public. Because of this new technology, installation art was able to add a new dimension to itself.Today, video has been an integral part of installation art anywhere in the world. Artists, like Martin Firrell and jennet Holzer, are some of the installation art specialists who are known to use the technologies, videos and digital presentation. Over time, the support for installation art, its ideas and the discipline, grew. Many entities like the Museum of Installation laid in London, as well as the Mattress Factory in the United States, sounded their support for the growth of installation art as a separate and self-governing movement in the worl d of art.This is concretized by the growth of the artists immersed in this style. There are many installation art works to come out of England. One example is the work entitled Neon Rice Fields exhibited in 1993 by an artist from Vietnam who was already based in Great Britain named Vong Phaophanit (Childs, Storry, 1999, p. 273). This also signifies the relevancy of the countries, too, that supported installation art. For example, the British prides itself with several artists, some of them are not even born in that country.However, because of the artistic atmosphere in the country, even outside born artists are now based there because of how the country creates a local artistic community that is amenable for the art and the artists. Part of the development and growing of installation art is the introduction of this particular art form in the academe. By being introduced to the academic world and being studied and used by professionals, it was a way of awarding installation art a s ense of legitimacy in the art world, like bad it its rightful place in the world of art.And an important point in the discussion of the intersection of installation art and architecture can be seen in the discussion of installation art in the academe, although historians are not quite sure when this began (Al-Qawasmi, De Velasco, 2006, p. 117). It is difficult to trace the exact history and point of departure for using installations in architectural knowledge (Al-Qawasmi, De Velasco, 2006, p. 117). Some observers believed that when installation art was introduced in the academe, it was placed inside the educational system for learning architecture, placing installation art as a part and not something greater than architecture. Notably, installation art was greatly embraced in the realm of architecture, even in the academic realm. Installation practice in architecture schools is growing both in undergraduate and diploma studies as well as postgraduate research (Al-Qawasmi, De Velas co, 2006, p, 117). Role of Installation ArtInstallation art is here because of a particular reason one of the reasons is the role which artists believe installation art has. Often, it is the role of message-sending, addressing issues that can be as broad as socio-political issues or even personal issues the focus is on the individual and the realization of the individual/audience after being exposed to the installation art (Al-Qawasmi, De Velasco, 2006, p. 117). Some practice installation as urban interventions to question cultural or socio-political issues (Al-Qawasmi, De Velasco, 2006, p. 117). Here is an example.If you would one day happen to see a sculpture of an image of a frosty bear sitting under a very small pack of ice placed on the sidewalk, placed there by the artist, it may mean that the artist is trying to send a socio-cultural message that is environmental in nature (i. e. tackling the issue of global warming and how the work of art represents the effects and change s that will happen to the planet if global warming remains unchecked and unresolved, and that would include the loss of natural habitats of animals in the polar regions and the displacement of animals inside locales they are not known to thrive in the first place).Another good example is the work of British artist Michael Landy. Landy became more popular after his Breakdown installation art which he held at the C&A building located in London. He protested about consumerism through his art composed of installation and feat art that saw Landy bringing in his possessions on sight and burning it in front of the audience (Walford, 2001). Installation Art Rise and Recognition The emersion of installation art as a specific discipline in the world of art has gained notable rise and earned the recognition of the authorities in the field of art.Today, there are many reputable organizations, as well as award giving bodies, that acknowledge installation art and their significance. For exampl e, the Turner lettuce shortlists have increasingly included such work (installation art) by British or British-based artists including Vong Phaophanit, Douglas Gordon and Rachel Whiteread (Childs, Storry, 1999, p. 273). These award giving bodies and the recognition that they bear to installation art and the artists of installation art, helped cement the place of installation art.It also helped the artists in the local and international community, contributing to the growth of installation art. This is important in the rise and recognition of installation art. How Installation Art Invades Architectural Space Architecture thrived because there were available spaces that were transformed through the use of construction and the implementation of design and creation policies and concepts sole(prenominal) to architecture. Because of that, architecture cannot be considered as creating physical outputs that are intrusive towards existing objects that occupied space to where they would e ncroach.Architecture did not encroach because the buildings were made atop a land previously featureless. If there were any buildings before architectural efforts were made, it was considered as an act of improvement for the previously placed structure, which is made by architecture. Regardless of how ageing the type of architecture would be, still, it is architecture. The case is different with installation art because installation art places itself inside the design of architecture designs which did not accommodate such features, and sometimes, will not accommodate such features.And when this happens, installation art invades architectural space. For example, public parks where installation arts are in place can be considered as an act of destroying the concept of what is beautiful. This is because an alien thing was added to the park, a feature that was not planned to be there in the first place, ergo giving the people the chance to redefine what a beautiful park is was it the one with the installation art or the one without it?Even if installation artists argue that installation art has aesthetic value, design is not a simple mathematics of putting one beautiful thing inside another beautiful thing and the automatic result is a beautiful and artistic thing. Sometimes, the combination of two separate, beautiful and artistic things may not be a harmonious endeavour. The characteristic of one of the two will be affected by how the other will minimize, alter or damage the original state of the half of the two, making the union sometimes just beneficial to one and disastrous to the other.Installation Art, Architecture and Purpose An important aspect in the analysis of architecture and installation art and the times the two are intersecting each other and invading each others space is hinged on determination the purpose of the artist and the purpose of the person who allowed the creation of the installation art or architecture (or both), which is usually the artists financier or benefactor. What is the purpose of the installation art and what is the purpose of architecture? This will take a long discussion starting with the origins of the two.Architecture was primarily created so that the creation of a usable structure (both permanent and temporary) can also feature aesthetics at the same time. However, the creation places more importance to running(a)ity and usability than beauty and aesthetics. Installation art, on the other hand, is hinged strongly on artistic background. The focus of installation art is art itself and not functionality. Therefore, when the two collide in a single space, there is a fight between which should prevail in the space is it architecture and its functionality or installation art and its more artistic and aesthetic purpose?For those who give installation art a space, their main reason is its humanistic impact on the viewer art appreciation, and even detoxification from stress through the beauty in art. An ideal example is Spaceplace created by Maurice Agis and Peter Jones, which was created for its non-functional purpose and yet the artists believe that there is an important role of the installation art nonetheless. This is found in how the artwork impacts the audience, particularly in the personal level depending on how the artwork affects the audience/viewer (Kronenburg, 2003, p.229). They are the first to admit that Spaceplace is more aesthetic than traditional functional critics and observers believed that such was the case (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). The aim of Spaceplace was to create a new environment based on aesthetically controlled considerations rather than conventional functional issues (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). This is a score differentiation of installation art and architecture. Spaceplace was purely installation art.The sole functionality of this is to affect the audience/people and not to be something that should be used in a manner that architectural works are utilized for their functionality. It may not be functional based on what functional is often understood (i. e. something that has applicatory use or something that is useful) but its effect on the audience/people is nonetheless important. Spaceplace is an installation that explored the relationship between simple rectangular forms in severalize to create abstract non-functional spaces that were related to the human body.The work was an attempt by the artists to provide a foil to the chaotic spaces of everyday human activity (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). The artists added that the other purpose of this particular installation art is to have the audiences sensory activity stimulated in a positive way (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). Often, architecture and installation art does not cross each others path. The invasion of the space allotted for the two are often separate, especially when there are spaces that are allotted for art works and there are spaces allotted for strictly architectu ral endeavors and works.For one, practical and functional creations are often delegated to architectural works while installation art is often given space only inside art galleries which allots space for art forms like installation art and not to architecture. Take for example, Maurice Agiss Spaceplace it is an installation art that required the use of a large space. The art gallery gave them this space, therefore, making it unnecessary for the installation art to invade architectural spaces because they have their own space wherein they can showcase themselves.The installation therefore relied totally on the provision of a separate trade protection environment in the form of gallery space (Kronenburg, 2003, p. 229). But this situation was actually met with negativity especially by the artists because the artists like Agis himself believes that confining the installation art in gallery spaces actually pushes the artworks farther from the public and the public experience, which wa s the main goal of the installation art in the first place.

Comparing Poetry Essay

Poetry is when an emotion has show its thought and the thought has found words. Good morning Ms Linton and students, today I will be informing you on why you must choose these two poems for the poetry language contest. The poems I have chosen are The Man from Ironbark, by Banjo Patterson as well as He Started the Cycling Craze by myself. Narratives help the lectors have intercourse and understand poetry as it is a way the poets can connect to their readers by using story railroads that may relate to them or something that they enjoy.Storylines of narratives play a major role and without these the readers would not be able to understand what is mishap in the story. The story line of The Man from Ironbark is about a humanity who wants his beard to be shaved, so this man heads off to the barber. The barber pulls out a razor and starts to shave his throat. The man from Ironbark fears the barber is a murderer who wants to cut his throat. The storyline of He Started the Cycling Craz e is about a man who decides to buy a new bike so he goes off to the bike shop.He buys a bike then rides it home and on the way home he rode up the hill then started to roll back. Once he had rolled dismantle the hill he ended up in the creek. Both of these storylines are different in their own way, but one similarity is that a man leaves his home, goes somewhere and in both poems they make a mistake. In all poems there is a difference, but some may be similar in one way or another. The difference between these two poems is that they both contain various poetry techniques and they are both based on one-on-one topics. Each poet uses several techniques and have a different style of writing.In this case these poems are similar as one was re- pen from a poem written by the author of the other poem. Every poem can have differences and similarities to other poems. In poetry the poets describe the computer addresss and settings so that the reader can conceive the image in their head, h ere is a quote from The Man from Ironbark The barber man was small and flash, as barbers mostly are, He wore a strike-your-fancy sash, he have a huge cigar This describes how the barber looks and what he is holding. In this part of the poem he is stereotyping barbers to that that they are both small and flash.This helps the reader imagine what the main character is seeing. And from He Started the Cycling Craze He started to roll down the hill swerving a tree, and almost being stung by a outstanding fat bee, nearly at the lake he had to swerve a car. This describes what the man on the bike is enduring and what he is seeing. By describing surrounding and what pot look like, it allows the reader to create an image in their head of what is happening in the poem. In poetry the poets use poetic devices to make the poems more interesting, this helps the reader keep interest in what they are reading.In The Man from Ironbark the poetic devices utilize include rhyme, rhythm, repetition, i magery, alliteration, and metaphors. The rhyming patter is a,a,b,b,c,c and the rhythm is shown by the rhyme and the descend or the poem. An example of alliteration is upon the newly shaven skin it made a livid mark. As well as brow grew black. tomography is shown in many parts of the poem but particularly when he is describing the barber. The barber man was small and flash, as barbers mostly are, he wore a strike-your-fancy sash, he smoked a huge cigar. The metaphor was shown when he referred to the man as a dog. The devices used in He Started the Cycling Craze includes rhyme which is used in a pattern of a,b,b,a as well as rhythm which is seen by the rhyme and flow of the poem. Alliteration was also used in the line and almost being stung by a big fat bee. Imagery was also used when describing what was on the road when he was swerving so that he didnt fall off of his bike. Overall there are many different poetic devices used in poetry and this is shown through these poems.In su mmary poets use different techniques and devices in their poems so that the poem becomes for intriguing so the reader continues to read on. Devices are used in poetry so that the readers have something to laugh or cry about and are intrigued to read other poems by the poet.Storylines of poems are important as they help describe what is happening in the poem and the reader is able to understand what the characters are doing. To wrap up these two poems should be chosen for the poetry speaking contest as they use various devices and techniques which allows the reader to continue interest in the poem as it goes on.

Topics for Discussion

TOPICS for DISCUSSION Society and the Media 1- Where do you get the news from? radio / newspapers / TV / Internet 2- Reality shows on TV 3- TV and children The Environment 1- Public transport a real alternative? 2- Recycling a good way to be green? 3- Plastic bags in shops. The reality of Work 1- Teleworking (working from home) pros and cons. 2- Equal opportunities for men and women 3- Unemployment effects on society Travelling 1- Travelling alone or travelling with friends (or family) Rural tourism 3- alien holidays Relationships 1- Getting married, living together or living alone 2- Families today working parents / single parents / grandparents bringing up children Health 1- Ways to stay salutary 2- Fast food or traditional food 3- Telemedicine online patients Language Learning 1- Bilingual education, Internet and language learning 2- Language exchanges, courses abroad Crime 1- How to forefend street robbery or burglary 2- Crime and technology identity theftShopping 1- Shoppin g centres (malls) and department stores versus small shops 2- Opening hours on Sundays and bank holidays 3- Shopaholics Progress and Science 1- quadrangle exploration useless or useful 2- The best inventions in 20th century Money matters 1- Is money the most important thing when choosing a traffic? 2- Charities and NGOs for people, animals, civil rights 3- Is pocket money for children a good idea? Computers and Technology 1- Downloading films or going to the cinema Internet and books will libraries vaporize? 3- Effects of Internet on family life Education 1- Single sex education or co-educational schools 2- State schools or private schools 3- Discipline problems in the classroom Leisure and Entertainment 1- Changes in how people spend their free time cinema music social networks theatre clubbing computer games others 2- Ways to uncompress escaping from your daily routine .

Macbeth- the Destruction of Power

Within William Shakespeares play, Macbeth, the destructive nature of power is immensely explored. The nature of power is athwart and inevitably expressed through Macbeths ambitious drive for supremacy, the unknown and distraught notion of fate and free will, as well as a personal reaction towards the concept of power. Although, the majority of the play is based on the destructive nature of power, the moral nature of power is also portrayed, in infract of the evil. Macbeth was naturally an ambitious man, who constantly desired more.However, he was greatly influenced by his wife gentlewoman Macbeth, for in the beginning Macbeths nature was too wax of the milk of human kindness. Lady Macbeths provocation encouraged the evil residing in Macbeth and his ambition only increased I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself and falls on the other. The weird sisters were aware of his overpowering determination and were able to manipula te him into believing he had the potential to gain absolute power.Via these strong influences and his unfathomable ambition, Macbeth went to great extents to retrieve ultimate power, essentially transforming into a tyrant within the process. Macbeths level of free will is questionable, for it seems that despite the triggers of his ferocious actions, he was an exceptionally hubris man. The witches can be depicted as advocators for fate, rather than fate itself and with the put forward of manipulation, they were able to vary Macbeth into an ignorant autocrat. Fair is foul and foul is Fair. Weird sisters prophecies were not what they seemed. Although, Macbeth reliable various triggers that led to his destiny, it is likely that he would have get the same fate, had the witches not interfered. Ill make assurance double sure, And take a bond of fate. Macbeth attempts to control fate by murdering his possible threats to power. Macbeth was ambitious at shopping center and clearly a pow er driven man, whom takes pride in his masculinity and in essence already on the pathway to destruction.Macbeth was too focused on gaining his own power and control, to comprehend the issues arising against him. As Macbeth aspired to optimum power, he gradually began to dehumanise. What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? Lady Macbeth questions whether the guilt and anxiety of murdering these loyal sight was worth the power or lack of it. The weird sisters manipulated Macbeth into believing he was invincible, resulting in irrational acts of terrorism against the people of Scotland.Murder, betrayal, torture and cruelty were inflicted upon all of Macbeths followers on a regular basis, whom were forced to obey him. I am in blood, stepped in so far, that, should I wade no more Macbeth went too far, to withdraw and developed into a tyrannical leader for the simple reason he had the power to do so. What he chose to do with his power lead to his corruption , although, not all choose the wrong path. There are some individuals born to lead and gain power, with the blueprint of goodness and then there are others who do not retain the ability to effectively control their power.Duncan and Malcolm both emanate morality, with the aspiration to improve and support their country, Scotland. But I must also feel it as a man, Malcolm exclaims as he understands he must feel compassion In society to become a respectable leader. The destructive nature of power is explored in many aspects throughout the play, for each individual reacts differently. Macbeth was ambitious at heart and slowly influenced to commit such brutality against his own people.However, Malcolm and Duncan were able to harness and control their power with intention of supporting their country to the best of their abilities. Macbeths fate seemed needful despite the weird sisters interference, for he already retained the qualities of an ambitious tyrant. Macbeth ultimately desired power with fierce determination and eventually received it. Once he had acquired all power, he became ignorant and apparently invincible ultimately resulting in his destruction.

How China became Chinese Essay

J areds Diamonds Guns, Germ and Steel is an historical narrative that focuses on alternate explanations to the rise and fall of civilizations and the development of cultures and societies by tracing evolutions and nuances in world and human history dating as far-off indorse as 13,000 years ago to the be. It is an historical treatise that moves away from a largely Eurocentric model of the world towards a more objective analysis of the various environmental, biological, political and economic phenomena surrounding a continents growth.The book attempts to unravel the varying fundamental and decisive causations to explain and answer why continents developed differently from each former(a). For instance, Chapter 16 of the book lays down the conundrum how mainland chinaware became Chinese todaywhat with its monolithic ethnicity and almost unified address and supply racial identities, as opposed to its European and North American counterparts Both of which are characterized by diver se cultures, language and races. Accordingly, China is the way it is now because of some(prenominal) penultimate causations.Foremost of these reasons is that they gained a decided head-start advantage in terms of food production and wolf domestication because of its strategic geographic location. There is the yellow(a) River in the north and the Yangtze River in the south which conveniently cut across the whole span of the continent at that placeby making trade and production a good deal easier (331). Because of the advances in food production and savage domestication techniques compared to its backwards hunting-gathering neighbours at that time, ethnic north and south Chinese were able to dominate the entire socio-cultural landscape.As early as 7,500 BC, Jared Diamond notes that based on the archaeological pieces of evidence found scattered in the East Asian regions, it would be fair to quit that China was one of the worlds first centres of plant and animal domestication (22 9). These blue-chip crops and animals contributed to the growth of Chinese civilizations especially in terms of population, language and political and social structures because they jumpstart the economy of a given locality.Diamond continues that as elsewhere in the world, in China food production step by step led to other hallmarks of civilization (330). The Chinese began to invent and discover the process of bronze metallurgy and its uses as substitute domestic tools and probably even in warfare. Furthermore, isolated from the optimization of the post-Neolithic metal tools technology, the millennia that followed saw the outpouring of Chinese technological inventions that included paper, the compass, the wheelbarrow and gunpowder (ibid. ).These are manifest indications or signs that the Chinese society has undergone a gradual yet upending process of unification or otherwise known as the great Sinification over the years that it had started to develop and took advantage of their v aluable food and animal resources. The most interesting part of Diamonds analysis however has something to do with the correlation he makes with food production and its ease yet significant consequences as with the spread of infectious diseases (ibid. ).Since pigs, according to Diamond, were domesticated so early and became so meaning(a) in the region, Influenza must bedevil likely have risen in China (ibid. ). Nevertheless, suffice it to say that China is the solid and monolithic China of today because of the advantages in its geographic locations and the tolerant of culture that was nourished through time because of trade, domination, ethnic assimilation and language unification as also added consequences of early developments in food production and animal domestication.In other words, because China enjoyed critical benefits during the formation of its civilization at such(prenominal) an early stage, it was able to mass up early and thereafter steam-rolled its neighbours in th e Southeast and East Asian regions. Leaving in its wake are fragmented but major influences in other countries of today, such as Japan, Korea and/or Southeast Asian countries, by way of language, race and literature.Indeed, as Jared Diamond concludes the chapter, he writes that the persistence of Chinese writing in Japan and Korea is a graphic 20th century legacy of plant and animal domestication in China nearly 10,000 years ago (333) and owing largely to the leaps and bounds advances in farming in the eastern regions of Asia, China became the Chinese of today and traces of its powerful and overwhelming culture can be gleaned from Thailand and other proximate Asian countriestheir cousins (ibid. ). Of course, China is not China today solely because of its early advantage in food production and animal domestication as Jared Diamond argues.There are other important factors which taken together with Chinas historical development can make for another alternate hypothesis to explain its face day unified state. It would be a little too much of a stretch of the imagination to correlate present times with the circumstances thence present several millennia ago. Although Diamonds premises are elegant and sound, the simplistic and abbreviated accounting of Chinese history leaves more historical questions than it answers. Denis Sinor argues that China did indeed gain a strong foothold in development early on because of its geography (49).But geography is not all that there is available that arguably led to Chinese domination in the region (51). For instance, the occasional barbaric attacks from the Mongol hordes from the north stimulated the solidification of the small communities in China to a powerful unit under one dynastic rule to parry away the constant threat of invasion. Assuredly, food production and animal domestication have little to do with the menace of warfare except for the fact that surpluses in resources can be a motivating factor for the invaders.Still, because of these threats in the Chinese regions, the warring civil clans in China unified to face a common enemy (Sinor 65). In so doing, the Chinese developed a stronger and distinct identity from their neighbours. For lack of a better term, the Sinification was an offshoot of the fact that China has nurtured a crude sense of nationalism as reflected in their literary works, language and cultural masterpiecesincluding the building of the Great environ of China simply because unification was a necessity for warfare.Without a doubt, the lasting legacy of the Great Wall bespeaks that need to solidify China at a time when wars from its neighbours were imminent. It is also important to consider the varying political ideologies in ancient and modern China. Its important leaders and other iconic historical figures adopted a monistic approach to its rule. Laws were codified according to the changing needs of the time. This means that the Chinese had a justice system that is inspired the r uling dynasty replete with its own brand of religious, philosophical and social ideas which required everyone to obey with all zest (Sinor 72).Nevertheless, going back to Diamonds premises, there is no question that food and animal production acted as an impetus for development. Yet to heavily rely on such a primordial causation is to eschew other aspects of Chinese civilization such as its political and social history. True enough certain advantages in geography open doors for a nascent civilization but then again, once that door is opened, there are multitudes of other doors that the choice of one excludes other historical possibilities for a civilization.It just so happens that the Chinese example is a result of a singular development from the start of its development up to the present time. Works Cited Diamond, Jared. How China Became Chinese The History of East Asia. In Guns, Germs and Steel The Fates of Human Societies. Ed. Jared Diamond, pp. 322-333. New York W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. , 1999. Sinor, Denis. Inner Asia, History, Civilization, Languages. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1969.

“El Sacramento Prohibido” Reaction Paper Essay

Doctrines, traditions, conventions, politics, taboos, these argon any(prenominal) elements that ar part of the everyday lives of populate in the Philippine society. Usually when these are the topics or subjects, ripostes are ordinarily entailed. These are the central themes of Lester Andradas thesis production which he previewed digest March 28, 2014 at the NCAS Alumni Plaza, or the garden country that looks like a small courtyard inside the NCAS building. El Sacramento Prohibido or the Forbidden Sacrament is a satirical production which utilized Absurdism and perhaps a slight prompting of the stylings of the Theatre of Cruelty.The story of El Sacramento Prohibido (ESP) revolves around Dante, a progeny priest fresh out(p) of the seminary who was assigned to the church at his hometown to be its new kura or reverend. Though he brandishes the aura of a straightforward virtuous young man, he bears a secret. Fr. Dante is homosexual, a fact that is controversial and technically a gainst Christian doctrine. Dante was sent to a seminary in Manila by his parents who were both power hungry politicians who saw Dante only if as a casualty that may tarnish their names. But even before leaving for the seminary, Dante has a lover, Abel, who was, during Dantes absence, executed by Fr. Loreto, an old priest residing in San Idelfonso. Upon re hug druging, Dante was attended to by a young altar server named Lermo. He was a thoughtful boy, who was the first to discover Dantes secret during unitary of Dantes moments of reminiscence when he accidentally kissed the boy while signifying of Abel whose whereabouts he has yet to scram out. Eventually he shall know every matter that happened in his hometown, all the misdeeds through with(p) by the church, by his own parents, and ultimately, the impinge on of his lover. Upon finding out the truth, Dante wasconsumed by the darkness, and in the end he kills everyone including himself. In the afterlife, Dante is seen with Abel , together peacefully and blithely in paradise.ESP has creatively utilized the production elements in the somewhat intimate setting. First come to would be the set and props. ESP was the first production that I have seen using the garden area in NCAS, and itwas a very unique experience, though a setback of it may be that the listening capacity is very limited, and the audience area itself is not leveled since the back part of the audience area is let down than the front, meaning those at the back would have a hard time seeing anything. My favorite thing about the set is how they were able to maximize the structure of the NCAS building itself. The scenes where the undead were pounding on the windows of the NCAS stair circumstance, it was very unforgettable and awesome. On the props, they were creative but not as accurate (visually) as the actual church add-on like the chalice, and the placement of the podium. The costumes and makeup of the actors were nice, the prosthetics were impressive but can still maybe stepped up a notch. The music was creepy, and therefore appropriate. I found it remarkable the moments of live choral music performed by the an another(prenominal)(prenominal) actors (the parts when Herzl was at the back of the audience and she was chanting), very beautiful. The lights could be improved especially the timing of when to turn the lights on or off, but the lights in general had been able to establish the mood of the scenes alongside the music. The suck upion component was impressively done in terms of cinematography. The technical aspects of the production can still be improved, like with the projector, and the synchronization of the lights and sounds with the scene.The thing that makes me think of many things about ESP is the text itself. I grew up in a very religious environment. I know how many things worked, why some things are done, what some things meant, since these things were taught to me since I was a child. I found it hard n ot to comment on some of the technical aspects of the production, like the props (as I mentioned earlier) and also the text, on what the actors were saying. I really cannot blame the dramatist since I heard that he was not a Catholic. I think what the playwright intended to depict is the undesirable characteristics and actions of the Church and how other people see it, and with that kind of perspective I think it haddone that part well.Though looking at it in retrospect, I think that perhaps had it been too accurate, it may be more offensive especially if they dont know how to look at things with an fastidious perspective, or just with an open mind. The text had tackled many issues in the Philippinesociety. Theres the case of the LGBT, where they are seen as undesirable in society as portrayed by how Fr. Loreto and Mr. & Mrs. Barrameda had shunned Dante because of his homosexuality. Another issue is with the church, or I should rather say the church practitioners, which had done wr ongs since the time of the Spanish colonization when they apply the word of God to exploit and take advantage of the people, as depicted by how Fr. Loreto always demands payments for sermons and other things that shouldnt even be given a price. This next one may not be that much of an issue but the harm that can be brought about by gossip, which was depicted by the three ladies who attend mass and then afterwards talk bad about other people. The last one I shall point at is the dirty politics which is rampant in the Philippines. It was depicted by Dantes parents who buy votes in a desperate attempt to hold on to power. They even valued to utilize Dantes influence as a priest in order to make the people vote for them.The part which disappointed me was the fact that Dante had given in to the darkness, and also the fact that he killed Lermo, the destitute young boy who was always there to support him. But anyways, as a production, I think El Sacramento Prohibido is good and overall an enjoyable experience especially during the times when they break the fourth wall (well, at least for me, Im okay with it), and also it wants to tell the audience not just a story but also a message of awareness about what is occurrence in society nowadays.

Romantic Elements in Frankenstein and the Fall of the House of Usher

Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein, and Edgar Allan Poes short story, The chance upon of the dramatics of templet, although published in different periods, on different continents, birth in common m each of the main(prenominal) ideas that stood behind the literary purport of sentimentalistism (the au non-white eye, the Romantic hero, imagination, isolation), combined with elements of the Gothic (the mysterious and remote saddle horse dominated by a gloomy atmosphere, death, sin, pain, exotic elements, supernatural). superstar of the main elements that is integrated into the Romantic movement is the sublime. In his A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful , Edmund Burke defined the sublime as Whatever is fitted in any sort to excite the ideas of pain and danger, that is to say, whatever is in any sort terrible, or is conversant about terrible objects, or operates in a manner correspondent to terror, is a source of the sublime that is, it is productive of the watertightest emotion which the mind is capable of feeling. In Burkes view, the typical qualities that characterize a sublime landscape argon hugeness of dimensions (especially in bloodline with the limitations of the gentle body and mind), obscurity (that blurs the definition of boundaries), qabalistic darkness or intense light. Through the impact that princely landscapes and cherry storms produce, and in the midst of the terrors that nature lay downs, the characters experience the sublime, be overflown with dread, fear and a sense of astonishment, which ultimately allows them to sense the divine.In Frankenstein, nature is a very powerful entity that can soothe and punish this wave- dampicle duality is especially obvious in the connection between Victor and nature that Shelly cultivates throughout the novel. More a lot than non, Victor takes sustenance from nature, which provides him with what could be set forth as personal therapy when he is s ubjected to stress or torment. When he falls ill, it is not the constant care and attention of his closest fellows that ensure his recovery, plainly the beneficial submit of the fresh ir that he breathes We passed a fortnight in these perambulations my health and spirits had long been restored, and they gained extra strength from the salubrious air I breathed, the natural incidents of our progress . . . I became the same happy prick who, a few years ago, loved and beloved by all, had no sorrow or care. When happy, dyspnoeic nature had the power of bestowing on me the most delightful sensations. A serene sky and verdant handle filled me with ecstasy. After his pal William is brutally murdered by the Creature, Victor falls into a deep evidence of despair, unable to find solace in the company of the rest of his family, or his best friend Henry. Once again, it is nature that heals him and allows him to maintain his sanity I remained devil long time at Lausanne, in this nettl esome state of mind. I contemplated the lake the waters were placid all around was simmer down, and the snowy mountains, the palaces of nature, were not changed. By degrees the calm and heavenly scene restored me, and I continued my journey towards Geneva.The road ran by the side of the lake, which became narrower as I approached my native town. I discovered more distinctly the black sides of Jura, and the bright summit of Mont Blanc. I wept standardised a child Dear mountains My own beautiful lake How do you welcome your wanderer? Your summits are perish the sky and lake are blue and placid. Is this to prognosticate peace or to mock at my unhappiness? forth from providing Victor with restoration and happiness when needed, nature prove to also be an omnipotent force of foreshadowing.The lightning shredding the manoeuver in front of Victors eyes is a warning that his endeavors will ultimately cause closing. When he is notified about Williams death, nature reflects his feelin gs of despair and suggests dark prospects of the future Night also closed(a) around and when I could hardly see the dark mountains, I felt still more gloomily. The imprint appeared a vast and dim scene of evil, and I foresaw obscurely that I was destined to become the most wretched of human beings. The night that Victor gives feel to his populaces is a dreary night of November, with rain patting dreadfully against the panes. This is similar with the gloomy nature described at the beginning of The Fall of the House of Usher, where the imminent destruction of this ancient family is foreshadowed by the atmosphere of melancholy and decay and the eerie semblance of the post, covered by minute of arc fungi and weakened by the fissure that extends from the roof to the imbedationsDuring the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country and at length found myself, as the shades of evening force on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. Poes description of the un sublunar storm that takes place on the dreadful night that brings the ultimate destruction to the ancient House of Usher is strikingly similar with the ones described in Frankestein It was, indeed, a tempestuous still sternly beautiful night, and one wildly singular in its terror and its beauty. A whirlwind had apparently collected its force in our vicinity for there were frequent and violent alterations in the direction of the wind and the exceeding density of the clouds (which hung so low as to press upon the turrets of the house) did not prevent our perceiving the life-like velocity with which they flew careering from all occlusions against each other, without passing away into the distance. Although both attains present an irresistibly powerful nature, that can foreshadow future events, the nature in The Fall of the House of Us her lacks the vast landscapes that are often depicted in Frankenstein the prevailing feeling that dominates Poes story is confinement, narrowness to the point of claustrophobia the Usher estate is shut off from light and the initial description of the house, reflected by the tarn which is in countermand mirrored by the windows creates the illusion of an enclosed space, from which explode is almost impossible.The house eventually becomes the tomb of Roderick and Madeline, collapsing onto itself and sinking into the reflecting pool. Supernatural, supported by the dark themes that are prevailing in both literary works, plays an important part in the plot development, both authors dwelling on the blurred boundary between the living and the late(prenominal), with an ferocity on the mysteries of life and the mysteries of existence.In Poes story, Madelines condition causing her to fall into a coma-like state that will organize to her being buried alive is highly unbelievable, especia lly in combination with the measure of her incredible escape from the vault, which is presented in parallel with the plot of The Mad Trist. In addition to this, the destruction of the house in the storm on the night Madeline returns to the living only to be crushed together with her brother, hence ending the Usher bloodline is just as unrealistic, yet with a great artistic military group on the reader. As if in the superhuman energy of his utterance there had been found the potency of a spell the huge antique panels to which the speaker pointed, threw slowly back, upon the instant, their ponderous and ebony jaws. It was the work of the rushing gust but then without those doors there DID stand the lofty and enshrouded figure of the lady Madeline of Usher.There was blood upon her any portion of her emaciated grade. For a moment she remained trembling and reeling to and from upon the threshold, then, with a low moaning cry, fell heavily inmost upon the person of her brother, an d in her violent and now final death-agonies, bore him to the floor a corpse, and a victim to the terrors he had anticipated. In Frankenstein, the major supernatural event (the creation of new life) is disguised under the air of a scientific experiment Frankenstein manipulates nature in a bizarre and outlandish way, he uses electrical energy to animate a corpse composed of body parts collected from different cadavers. The declaration of his work is a wight so grotesque and uncanny, that it makes him run in fear and hide in his sleeping room How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite persistence and care I had endeavoured to form?His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful Great God His chickenhearted skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath his sensory hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing his dentition of a pearly whiteness but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straightforward black lips. The characters in both Frankenstein and The Fall of the House of Usher are deeply Romantic characters, with a strong propensity towards the Gothic. Roderick Usher is a strange figure, excessively reserved and somewhat mysterious, he lives isolated in a decrepit, dark and scary house. His physical appearance is quite shocking to the outside visitor, he looks dead even though he is still alive A cadaverousness of complexion an eye large, liquid, and luminous beyond comparison lips somewhat thin and very pallid, but of a surpassingly beautiful curve a nose of a delicate Hebrew model, but with a breadth of nostril unusual in similar formations a finely moulded chin, speaking, in its want of prominence, of a want of moral energy hair of a a more than web-like softness and tenuity these fe atures, with an inordinate expansion above the regions of the temple, made up altogether a countenance not easily to be forgotten. He suffers from a mysterious nauseous affection, with bizarre symptoms (his senses are incredibly heightened, he can only bear to wear original types of fabric, he cannot stand light or the smell of flowers, and all music, with the exception of some stringed instruments inspire him with horror). He often oscillates between vivacity and sullenness, between reason and incoherence, between amazement and dread. Rodericks interests lie within the guinea pig of Arts, he is aptitudeed at music and at depiction, and the narrator compares him with a real artist, Fuseli, stating that If ever lethal painted an idea, that mortal was Roderick Usher.Rodericks artistic creations reflect his state of mind, his obsession with death, the one painting of his that is described by the narrator is that of a tomb, an immense long and rectangular vault or burrow, while one of the songs he plays at his guitar is The Haunted Palace. Roderick shows signs of other intellectual pursuits, he develops the idea of adept of all vegetables and even inanimate things, like the gray stones of the home of his forefathers, giving as proof of their consciousness the gradual yet certain condensation of an atmosphere of their own about the waters and the walls.Unlike Roderick, who is represent as an artist, Victor Frankenstein is depicted as a scientist. He is animated with a thirst for familiarity, a passionate propensity to learn the secrets of heaven and earth however, these feelings, noble at first base are distorted into a morbid obsession, a dark hope of becoming god-like, of being liberated of earthly law and limitations, obsession that will ultimately lead to his demise. In his quest to discover the principle of life, Victor undergoes the study of its inevitable counterpart, death, and immerses himself in midnight labors, pillaging cemeteries and char nel houses and torturing living dicks.His ambition to create new life affects his ideal being in such a way, that he undergoes intense frantic and mental changes, and manages to transcend the limited condition of an ordinary mortal, achieving a status similar to that of Dr. Faustus After days and nights of incredible labour and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing spirit upon lifeless matter. ()No one can conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane, in the first enthusiasm of success.Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a pelter of light into our dark serviceman. A new species would bless me as its creator and source () I pursued nature to her hiding-places. Who shall conceive the horrors of my secret toil as I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tortured the living animal to animate the lifeless clay? Although not typical, the Creature is also a Romantic figure, a troubled soul forced into self-isolation, that strives to overcome his own limitations and possesses surprising depth and sensitivity.He has a dual nature, both inherently good and capable of evil, and is compared to both Adam (the creature that has been forsaken by his creator) and Satan (the fallen angel turned deviant in the absence of his god, capable of unspeakable acts of cruelty). He is torn between compassion and vengefulness, between the desire to be integrated into human society and the desire to destroy humans for rejecting and shunning him based on his grotesque appearance.He proves his benevolence when he saves a little girl from drowning and when he helps the De Laceys by providing them with firewood, but he is also a wretched creature that lets himself overtaken by the thirst for revenge and kills all the members of Victors family, including his best friend, Henry Clerval. The destinies of creator and c reation are inextricably connected, they are viewed as doubles of each other they both suffer from an obtuse solitude, feeling like a miserable wretch unfit for human society, they both continually oscillate between good and evil, between elation and despair.Their identities are intricately intermingled, at one point the creature calls Victor his slave, reminding him that You are my creator, but I am your master. Moreover, the reader is not able to recognize who the real monster is between these two characters Frankenstein, that out of purely selfish reasons brings the Creature into this world and abandons it, refusing to hire any type of responsibility for his actions, or the abominably-looking creature that succumbs to the dark dimension of his spirit and seeks to achieve revenge for his sufferings, thus destroying many innocent lives in the process.The same motif of the double (Doppelganger) can be found in Poes story, where there is a strong connection between Roderick and Ma deline Usher, the last descendents of the Usher clan, the parallel that mirror each other as Poe places an emphasis on the striking similitude between brother and sister. The siblings bundle an inexplicable state of illness, they are both affected by a unhealthiness for which no remedy has been found In the manner of my friend I was at once strike with an incoherence an inconsistency and I in brief found this to arise from a series of feeble and delusive struggles to overcome an habitual trepidancy an excessive nervous agitation. ()It was, he said, a constitutional and a family evil, and one for which he despaired to find a remedy a mere nervous affection, he immediately added, which would undoubtedly soon pass off. It displayed itself in a host of unnatural sensations. The disease of the lady Madeline had long baffled the skill of her physicians.A settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the person, and frequent although transient affectations of a partially cataleptical character were the unusual diagnosis. Roderick and Madeline are not just brother and sister but twins who share sympathies of a scarcely intelligible nature which connect his mental disintegration with her physical decline. (Martha Womak, Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher). Moreover, according to Edward H. Davidson in his book Poe A Critical Study, the fissure in the decaying student residence represents an irreconcilable fracture in the individuals personality.Roderick represents the mind, the intellect, the conscious, while Madeline is the unconscious, the embodiment of the senses (hearing, seeing, touching, tasting and smelling). One of the conceptions that Gothic cultivated was that man was born basically evil, and that humans have to struggle throughout their entire lives in order to prevent their evil nature from overtaking them. In Poes story the two brothers visibly struggle against their psychological issues, the mental illnesses brought on by centuries of intermarriage in the family. He uses these characters to seek the human psychology, with a special mphasis on the perverse and self-destructive nature of the conscious and subconscious mind. In Frankenstein, the Creature seems to have been born evil based on his abominable appearance, yet later on his account of his first memories reveal his innocent nature, that is distorted by the hardships and constant rejections he is subjected to. Symbols play a significant role. The House of Usher refers both to the actual mansion and the last of the all time-honoured Usher race and becomes an actual character, being presented with a humanized description, with vacant eye-like windows.The house seems to be an extension of the siblings souls, mirroring their state of mind, and Roderick develops a theory that the stones of the house have sentience and that they embody the fate of the Usher family . The fissure that is barely macroscopic on its facade and the fungi that cover it are symbolic of the decay of the Usher bloodline. The collapsing of the house straight down into the tarn symbolizes the linearity of the Ushers family tree, bereft of branches, and its inevitable collapse.The two main symbols in Frankenstein are light and fire. Walton expects to unveil the secrets of the universe in the North Pole, described as a country of without end light. Nearly all of Victors epiphanies are under the sign of light. When he becomes interested in natural philosophy, he says that A new light seemed to dawn upon my mind, and when his ceaseless endeavors finally lead him to the discovery of the secret to creating new life, he describes his feelings as if a sudden light broke in upon me. He compares the creation of a new species to pouring a torrent of light into our dark world. However, both Victor and Walton fail to understand that light thats too bright is also fulgurous and they disregard the dangerous consequences of their quests for enlightenment. The importance of fire a s a symbol is prefigured by the novels full title Frankenstein, Or the Modern Prometheus. In Greek mythology, Prometheus was the titan who gave the knowledge of fire to kind-heartedness and for his generous action he was severely punished by the Gods.In Frankenstein, Victor attempts to give the demo of the secret of life to humanity, but ends up suffering grave punishment as a result of defying God his creation kills his entire family and destroys his life. Throughout the novel, fire is depicted as a powerful yet dangerous force that can be used both for sustenance (the discovery of the wonders of fire by the monster) as well as for punishment (the description of demons suffering in the lake of fire in hell).Concerning tale techniques and point of view, both stories are told using first person point of view, but with significant differences. The narrator of The Fall of the House of usher is a character of whom we know very little, highly unreliable, as we have no proof of his san ity moreover, he is called madman by Roderick twice at the end of the story. He is submerged into the underworld of the human mind, where irrationality prevails over reason, where fantasy suppresses reality, and he is the only one that manages to escape and tell the story of what had happened.Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is also written using the first person narrative, but from multiple perspectives, using a complex narrative structure, that combines the form of an epistolary novel with that of a frame story the plot is completely encased in Robert Waldons letters, who he relates his encounter with Victor Frankenstein, who in turn gives an account of his terrible life story, including the confessions and lamentations of the creature.Each shift of perspective provides the reader with new acuteness regarding the facts of the story and the distinctive traits of the characters involved. In conclusion, both Frankenstein and The Fall of the House of Usher can be considered landmarks of Ro mantic and Gothic literature, the authors managing to combine standard and specific elements in a unique and captivating manner that has kept them relevant even almost two hundred years after they were first published.

Evolution of the Nation & the Civil War Essay

The end of the Civil War brought about political and economic reform to the joined States. Reforms in the Reconstruction Period were passed to foster and maintain economic activity, creating industries and expanding businesses, contributing to the boom of Industrial rotary motion in the country. Years of political clout and debate remarkably laundered constitutional amendments for the black mans rights (Oberholtze, 1917). Inventions paved the way to the outgrowth of crude industries such as telecommunication, cargo shipsation, electricity and construction.The discovery, chafe to and processing of piercing materials -facilitated by technology- allowed products to be transported from manufacturing factories to populated areas for distribution. Such enterprise growing measures were supported by the improvement of the transport and communication system via paved roads, bridges, canals, railroads and the telegraph. New jobs were created to cater to the needs of the fast growing eco nomy and universe of discourse. howling(a) infrastructures were built to accommodate the growing city dwellers and clobberers.Increase in profits of manufacturing industries encouraged a steadily influx of immigrants working in the ware lines (Engerman, 2000). Competition and increasing securities industry goals forced companies to expand pot and operations in another(prenominal) countries, imperialisms objective. Altogether, technological advancement, cheap labor and availability of capital light-emitting diode to Americas heavy industrialization. This period of rise and fall largely contributed to Americas development into a superpower. However, as a young nation, America was set back with undesirable impacts of industrialization.As production staff volume subjoind, conflict between workers and management grew. Industrial achievements due to aggressive marketing of manufacture goods and increased foreign manage introduced more white collar jobs facilitating corporate op erations. Management and administrative work were better rewarded than assembly-line work, providing better opportunities for educated and powerful who came to enjoy lucrative lifestyles while creating inequalities of wealth, discontent and rousing uprisings from laborers who form unions to pursue their rights.Marxist leaders helped reshape capitalist thought and corporate laws. Growing market adopt meant increasing supply needs leading to resource exploitation in some areas leaving irreparable damage to the environment. Concern for increased production overshadowed the seemingly abundant resources. Even large corporations who came to have supplement in policy-making used their power to generate more profit. evolutions in transportation made it clear for populate to move about creating a melting pot of US residents and migrants, gave way to explosion of population in urban areas, forming cities.The attraction of immigrants made uprisings in well-disposed injustices -competitio n and aggression- between old American settlers versus the new immigrants. Urban legislators targeted services to win the votes of increasing foreign workers maligning the democratic electoral process. Too aggressive amassing and advert of wealth and power triggered the economic crash of 1873 when the governments major investment bank, financer of government reconstruction loans and the Northern Pacific Railroad, crashed (Bancroft, 1902).For many years, new business management styles were practiced by corporations, every cartridge clip cleaning up failed ventures with hopefully better alternatives. Many times, the finance and investment sector failed but lessons were dealt with outmost concern for capital and development-oriented sources. As population grew in cities, people moved to occupy the western territories. Development gradually followed increasing the number of states joining the union.At the same time, America had growing concern for the speedy growth of the British E mpire. Following British example, America colonized territories and expanded the home base and withal the market for its produce. American industrialists pushed for westward progression, integrating the continent-wide unified market reducing production address and increasing value per output of production enabling American working class to earn higher(prenominal) than counterparts across the globe.Higher wage was initially purported by higher bid of wage levels experienced in the pre-industrialization era using slave-labor and ultimately sustained by capitalism during the reconstruction period despite the increase in laborers and economic conflict many years after. Nevertheless, the labor force and farmers suffered greatly being symbiotic on businesses that supported their sources of income (McElvaine, 1993). The years of depression was a roller coaster ride for most corporate giants who unbosom reap the most benefit even during economic downfall.During World War I, America tap ped the international market (McElvaine, 1993). They penetrated into countries that did not have resources for food production. US production increased to cater to the needs of incapacitated economies. With its conceptive capitalist foundation, the US took advantage of World War I devastation across Europe and lacquer (Olson, 1988). Forced to reduce trade barriers, Europe, Japan and their colonies were opened to globalization, with sweats initiated by American powers. Development of farm machinery automatize farming practices and increased US production.The US became the worlds foremost producer of agricultural products in power economies like Europe and Japan were destroyed. The downside, farmers became all the more dependent on new businesses pass loans, transportation, equipment manufacturers and middle men who facilitated crop entry into international markets. Though, when the war ended, competition became stiff forcing America to hazard internal changes to beef up indust rial efforts. This led to the development of advertising and marketing strategies encouraging people to consume.People wanted to get away from the prolonged depression and rode with the bandwagon, buying what advertisers offered. A mass glossiness of consumerism proliferated. This was made possible even for people who would not afford through the credit system, promoting instant access to commodities and luxuries and deferring payment with terms (McElvaine, 1993). Many US bankers reached across the globe and lent European countries for post war reconstruction. economical instability after war did not go along US banks objectives and increased the pretend of non-payment of loans.This would eventually lead to the Great Depression affecting businesses and communities worldwide. The entire financial industry suffered leading to seat and business closures (Olson, 1988). The imposition of higher taxes on imports caused local markets to patronize locally manufactured goods. However, ot her countries retaliated by imposing high taxes on US exports, resulting in less foreign trade profits and eventually less power in international market penetration (McElvaine, 1993). The growing rate in stocks investment of major industrial companies caught the attention of many.Stock buying became a trend, relying in the belief that this will make people rich. The Stock Market Crash of 1929 marked the domino economic disruption made open by unequal distribution of wealth and banking problems. Renewed global strategy in achieving international trade through humanitarian and democratic efforts became Americas initiative to promote global security. Priority was in any case given to secure citizens through provision of social welfare. State-governed economic planning organized nationwide industrial regulations to propel the rise from the Depression.Powerful American businesses have lobbied for rights in exploring resources in other countries despite buttoned-down and anti-coloniali sm proponents in US government limited US economic expansion. However, open trading between economies leveled the performing field in production and markets. The Progressive Era marked a turning point of US imperial power into a more humanist and democratic torch bearer in an effort to resolve the problems and issues brought about by industrialization and urbanization. Leaders focused on long-term goals, core value and implementation of development programs.Reformists, including President Franklin Roosevelt in the New Deal, sought to end monopolies, destroy political rot and lessen the gap between the affluent and poor. Through the New Deal, authorized nationwide assistance to socio-economic development of individuals. Agencies were set up to provide employment, regulate mortgage and housing conditions, administered social security, consumer rights and raised funding for education, food and drug safety. Concerns of the working and business class were brought together (Mintz, 2006). Progressive ideologies affected political, social and cultural movements in the local and eventually made impacts on international human rights revolution and the initiation of international administration bodies to secure international relations in politics and economics. Radical changes in international standards and relationships were fostered. The UN and the NATO was founded in 1945 and 1948, respectively. The US became stronger despite its diversity. Operation Breadbasket was launched to increase employment of cultural minorities.From its indistinguishable character, Americas economic, social and technological transformation continues to awe the world. Today, its mandate for democracy and freedom still thrive and inspire other nationalities.ReferencesBancroft, H. (1902). The Financial Panic of 1837. The Great Republic By the Master Historians Vol. III. Retrieved 11-5-2008 from http//www. publicbookshelf. com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_Vol_III/thepa nic_ce. html Engerman, S. and K. Sokoloff. (2000). Technology and Industrialization, 1790-1914.In The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, Vol. II. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. McElvaine, R. S. (1993). The Great Depression America 1929-1941. Three Rivers Press. Mintz, S. (2006). Learn About the Progressive Era. digital History. Retrieved 11-5-2008 from http//www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/modules/progressivism/index. cfm. Oberholtze, E. (1917). A History of the United States since the Civil War, Vol. 1. Macmillan. Olson, J. (1988). from World War I to the New Deal, 1919-1933. Historical dictionary of the 1920s. New York Greenwood Press.

My Mindful Eating Experience Essay

The mindful examine of eat involves multiple processes. Every process has to happen upon a certain amount of time and be savored just long enough to be specify as mindful. Physically, the food has to be eaten slowly, eaten in small pieces, chewed several times, and swallowed gradually.Mentally, each bite of food has to be filled with enjoyment, focused on with all attention without any judgement, and it is very important during mindful have to know what exactly is organismness put in your mouth and where it came from. It is extremely important to mentally withdraw the beauty of the food and to appreciate it. Emotionally, you have to engage in all your senses sight, sound, taste, texture, and smell. Engaging all your senses is the close important principle of mindful eatingLet me take you through the process of mindful eating by explaining to you my mindful experience on eating a MilkyWay bar. This process, when done right, takes about 10 to 15 minutes. First, I unwrap the co ffee and focus all my attention to the creamy milk coffee bar. As I look at the chocolate it looks delicious, intriguing, and I speculate about whats inside.Next, I take a small bite and experience the first taste. It tastes smooth in so far hard and as I experience this first bite I push the chocolate up to the roof of my mouth. Feeling the chocolate being pushed up against the roof of my mouth, I can feel it break apart exposing the warm creamy caramelized sugar filling. As it begins to melt, my body craves for more and I can start to smell the sweet aroma of chocolate. When swallowing the chocolate I take in the texture of it slowly going down my throat. It feels soft and gentle as it begins to disappear into my stomach. This leaves me craving for more causing me to take a second biteThis process repeats itself with the succeeding(prenominal) bite of chocolate, the feeling of creamy caramel being pushed up to the roof of my mouth, the swirling of my tongue mixing the chocolat e and the caramel together making two components become one, and lastly feeling the sensation of the chocolate being pushed back to my throat where it disappears leaving only the strong smell and the craving for moreThis long yet joyful, stress relieving experience is defined as the mindful experience of eating and should be rewarded to everybody

Budgets in higher education Essay

In high education institutions, best budgeting practices involves the use of proper and excellent coordination of master plan which establishes all the priorities which feel to be undertaken in the institution. This ensures that all the higher education institutions att final stage to their respective economic and educational goals. The institutions charter to take up in place excellent and sufficient infrastructure. In depth periodic facilities audits should be do so as to ensure that the facilities are well and adequate.There should be creation of baseline info for the institution so as to enhance planning procedure. The institutions operation budget should have an allocation of cheer and renewal. All the needs of the institution should be allocated with the bills available. There is use of rational decision making process which enhances the effective means of budgeting (Caruthers & Orwig, 1979). Question two A grand university must always have good connections with the ka yoedside military personnel through a well thought out and effective domain relations policy.These much regarded connections go along way, albeit directly and indirectly, in building and maintaining the universitys image as well as organism a resource in terms of being an avenue where funds and grants can be applied for. Many are instances when a university requires finances, out of its budget allocations, to carry out research studies, seminars, fairs, cultural activities and many other intermittent activities.With these three avenues serving the same purpose, there is a possibility that in their course of operations, they might approach a similar source, knowingly or unknowingly, and end up putting the image of the university at stake. The following are alternatives can be useful in harmonizing their activities (Knapp & Siegel, 2009). Firstly, the three bodies can be streamlined such that their activities are well synchronized and effective without inevitably frictioning.For e xample, the finance operation could be liaising with the universitys accounting department to source for funds and oversee their use. The alumni face can be only handling the monies from the alma mater as well as working with them fast with the objective of raising money courtesy of them. While the foundation offices could be dealing with the corporate world with a view of seeking funds from them. Secondly, all the three bodies can be revamped and made into a single entity and even given a new name.With such an action, all the activities that are currently being carried out by the three bodies can be combined. This will eradicate the possibility of a clash of their mandates given the fact that they will all be under a single supervision. References Caruthers, J. K. & Orwig, M. D. (1979). Budgeting in higher education. American Association for Higher Education Knapp, J. & Siegel, D. J. (2009). The Business of Higher Education Management of Fiscal Strategies. forward-looking York A BC-CLIO