Different Approaches For Human Resource Management Essay

The environment of business is changing continuously and along with this, the human resource team need to find which strategy could be effective for the organization. There could be two different approaches for human resource managers which are best practices as well as best fit model. The proponent of best practice model state a bundle of human resource policies that include reward system whereas the best fit approaches promotes that, reward system should be aligned to the strategy of the organization. The human resource team members need to identify the effective measures to run the organization smoothly. There several characteristics of best practices that could be applied to a firm. They could be employee development, fair promotion to employees based on performance, high commitment management, progression of individual career, a well structured recruitment process as well as friendly working environment. These bundles of activities are characterized as mutually compatible human resource activities that forge elevated levels of workforce competency, persuade motivation as well as commence a work design enhancing employee commitment. Best practice approaches universally support organization to achieve competitive advantages regardless of the setting of industry. Employee training plays a vital role for the development of an organization. It would increase the efficiency of an organization. The outcome or the performance of the staff would be high if they are moreShow MoreRelatedIntegrated Ecosystem Management1445 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Integrated ecosystem management (IEM) is a modern and preferred way to manage ecosystem and natural resources. IEM aims to conserve major ecosystem services and restore natural resources, while meeting the socio-economic, political and cultural needs of current and future generations (Szaro, et al., 1998). Additionally, IEM attempts to involve all stakeholders in defining sustainable alternatives for the interactions of people and their environment. Moreover, IEM is especially anRead MoreSwot Approaches Of Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesEssay: SHRM Approaches Analyzing Case Study Introduction Strategic human resource management (SHRM) is a design and an approach for managing the companies human resources and the needs of their employees along with goals of the company, it requires thinking ahead and making the new ways for the organization to meet requirements of their employees and the employees should fulfil the requirements of the organization as well as achieving the sustainable competitive advantages(BrattonGold,2012)Read MoreHuman Resources, Strategy And Business Ethic1545 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources, Strategy and Business Ethic Page Break Introduction The 21st century workplace environment is established on numerous reforms and transformations in different aspects that constitute the management of human resources. Therefore, the human resource departments in different departments have adopted different approaches to managing their employees. In this regard, most businesses and organizations across the globe have adopted different concepts of strategic human resource managementRead MoreDiscuss How Management Theory and Practice Has Changed over Since the Early 1900’s1408 Words   |  6 Pagesevolution of management has been changed a lot since the early 1900’s. Many different management theories have been developed, the external factor also changing at the same time, such as the technology and the nature of career. Those changing influence the trend of management method. There are four major approaches in the past, classical approaches, behavioral approaches, quantitative approaches and modern approaches. 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These four management approaches might be used inRead MoreThe s Ecosystem Management : Adaptive, Community Based Conservation Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pages’s Ecosystem Management: Adaptive, Community-based Conservation (2002) and excerpts from Weddell’s Conserving living natural resources in the context of a changing world (2002) in order to compare and contrast ideas presented by the two authors. Generally, Meffe et al. (2002) and Weddell (2002) use different terms but present many of the same ideas. First, that it is useful to learn about the perspectives and philosophies that have contri buted to modern-day environmental management. Second, thatRead MoreHuman Resource Management Practice Strategies1770 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management Practice Certain combinations of human resource management practices lead to superior outcomes for organizations. The HR combination department is at the heart of organizational performance, productivity, turnover, profits, and market value outcomes. Employees are considered a source of non-duplicable and sustainable competitive advantage. By using the combinations in capabilities, resources, relationships and decisions presented by employees, organizations strategically

The Origins Of Gang Violence - 1842 Words

The history of gang violence is a topic that I am dearly interested in because I have a passion for wanting knowing the past and how it changed over time. I plan to find out how gang violence have changed over the last 90 years. Gang violence started during the early years of the Great Depression when the government had banned alcohol. The origin was in New York City and gangs were formed by the American Mafia. As years passed, the location of gangs had spread throughout the United States. It once was affiliated with alcohol, but now is affiliated with drugs and the race of the members had changed from European immigrants to hispanics and African Americans. I predict that gang violence will continue to happen and become very progressive over the course of time. Humanities: History- Staff, History Channel â€Å"Mafia in the United States.† History.com, AE Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/mafia-in-the-united-states. The American Mafia, an Italian-American sorted out wrongdoing system with operations in urban communities over the United States, especially New York and Chicago, rose to control through its accomplishment in the illegal alcohol exchange amid the 1920s Prohibition period. After Prohibition, the Mafia moved into other criminal endeavors, from medication trafficking to illicit betting, while additionally invading worker s parties and honest to goodness organizations, for example, development and New York s article of clothing industry. TheShow MoreRelatedMovie Response : The Interrupters880 Words   |  4 Pageswere formed.The documentary followed â€Å"interruptors† of violence in the streets of Chicago through mediation. â€Å"Interrupters† are former high ranking gang members who volunteered to stop the violen ce in hopes to save lives. One of the major â€Å"interruptors† that deserve to be focused on is Ameena Matthews. Mrs. Matthews has an extensive ties to the gangs activity in Chicago. Her father, Jeff Fort, was one of the first and most dominant gang leaders of Chicago. When in care of her mother, MatthewsRead MoreGun Violence1218 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Gangs In Our Communities By: Adam Taylor What set do you claim? Isn’t that a question we all hear at some point in our school years and maybe sometimes even after. Well I remember being in elementary school and not having to worry about nothing but recess. Those were the days of no worries and no stress. Then came middle school and that’s when things begin to change. Middle school is more about who you hang out with and how you dress. That’s where most of it starts. At the level of middleRead MoreCanadian Gangs Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of a youth gang member. 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The refugees were not welcomed to LA and became ostracized in the Hispanic community as it had been controlled by Mexican street gangs (Eighteenth Street gang). This caused some of the refugees to form a group of their own. The new gang became known as the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners (MS Stoners). The gang begins as a group who was all about smoking week and having a good time. Over time, they startedRead MoreGang s And Management Challenges Facing Corrections Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesGang s in the Correctional Setting There are many supervisory and management challenges facing corrections, due to the proliferation of the gang problem, presently within our prisons today. It is critically important for upper management, in the correctional field, to be held as responsible stewards, of the all resources available to them to combat this problem. (Saint Leo University, 2016). These actions are necessary, to deter the increasing glut of criminal activities, which gang behavior inevitablyRead MoreViolence in Youth1171 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Youth violence is defined as violent behaviour that begins early in life and continues throughout subsequent stages of life. Youth violence may include physical and emotional harm, and minor crimes, escalating to murder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Youth are recognized as being between the ages of twelve and twenty-four however, teens are the most affected by violence than any other group of youths as they are habitually perceived as the most violent age groupRead MoreTypes Of Crime And Violence Against Tourists1620 Words   |  7 Pages Types of Crime and Violence against Tourists It is often said by Jamaican government sources that Jamaica has one of the lowest crime rates for tourists in the Caribbean. This is arguable, but not entirely wrong. It is true that there are few reported crimes committed against tourists in Jamaica. According to (OSAC 2016), â€Å"most criminal activity is Jamaican-on-Jamaican violence, often involving organized crime elements and gangs, however, these occurrences can impact American visitors.† TouristRead MoreJuvenile Delinquents Vs. Gran Torino, And A Better Life One1467 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom different races, and highlight their differences accordingly. The first film Crips and Bloods: Made in America was about the gang life and how it consumes the life of young African Americans growing up in poverty stricken neighborhoods. The film starts off with Bird, a former gang member explaining the origins of black gangs. He states that the first black gangs were created to establish a sense of acceptance amongst the African American community. Even after the Civil Rights movement, segregation

Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the Unit Essay Example For Students

Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the Unit Essay ed States of America LAW (Gay Rights/Legislation) Constitutionality of Same Sex Marriage in the Unit Essayed States of America The proposed legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive political questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the history of American family law. The potential consequences, positive or negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, social structure public health, and the status of women are enormous. Given the importance of the issue, the value of comprehensive debate of the reasons for and against legalizing same-sex marriage should be obvious. Marriage is much more than merely a commitment to love one another. Aside from societal and religious conventions, marriage entails legally imposed financial responsibility and legally authorized financial benefits. Marriage provides automatic legal protections for the spouse, including medical visitation, succession of a deceased spouses property, as well as pension and other rights. When two adults desire to contract in the eyes of the law, as well a perhaps promise in the eyes of the Lord and their friends and family, to be responsible for the obligations of marriage as well as to enjoy its benefits, should the law prohibit their request merely because they are of the same gender? I intend to prove that because of Article IV of the United States Constitution, there is no reason why the federal government nor any state government should restrict marriage to a predefined heterosexual relationship. Marriage has changed throughout the years. In Western law, wives are now equal rather than subordinate partners; interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society; and marital failure itself, rather than the fault of one partner, may be grounds for a divorce. Societal change have been felt in marriages over the past 25 years as divorce rates have increased and have been integrated into even upper class families. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriage or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in Europe and North America. The trend in western European nations during the past decade has been to increase legal aid to homosexual relations and has included marriage benefits to some same-sex couples. For example, within the past six years, three Scandinavian countries have enacted domestic partnership laws allowing same-sex couples in which at least one partner is a citizen of the specified country therefore allowing many benefits that heterosexual marriages are given. In the Netherlands, the Parliament is considering domestic partnership status for same-sex couples, all major political parties favor recognizing same-sex relations, and more than a dozen towns have already done so. Finland provides governmental social benefits to same-sex partners. Belgium allows gay prisoners the right to have conjugal visits from same-sex partners. An overwhelming majority of European nations have granted partial legal status to homosexual relationships. The European Parliament also has passed a resolution calling for equal rights for gays and lesbians. In the United States, efforts to legalize same-sex domestic partnership have had some, limited success. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. reported that by mid-1995, thirty-six municipalities, eight counties, three states, five state agencies, and two federal agencies extended some benefits to, or registered for some official purposes, same-sex domestic partnerships. In 1994, the California legislature passed a domestic partnership bill that provided official state registration of same-sex couples and provided limited marital rights and privileges relating to hospital visitation, wills and estates, and powers of attorney. While Californias Governor Wilson eventually vetoed the bill, its passage by the legislature represented a notable political achievement for advocates of same-sex marriage. The most significant prospects for legalizing same-sex marriage in the near future are in Hawaii, where advocates of same-sex marriage have won a major judicial victory that could lead to the judicial legalization of same-sex marriage or to legislation authorizing same-sex domestic partnership in that state. In 1993, the Hawaii Supreme Court, in Baehr v. Lewin, vacated a state circuit court judgment dismissing same-sex marriage claims and ruled that Hawaiis marriage law allowing heterosexual, but not homosexual, couples to obtain marriage licenses constitutes sex discrimination under the state constitutions Equal Protection Clause and Equal Rights Amendment. The case began in 1991 when three same-sex couples who had been denied marriage licenses by the Hawaii Department of Health brought suit in state court against the .

Sweatshop Labor Wearing Thin Essay Example For Students

Sweatshop Labor: Wearing Thin Essay For most people in the United States, the term slave to fashion relates to anindividuals desire always to be wearing the latest fashions from trendy clothing lines. Ina twist of supreme irony, the designation applies much more literally to the legions ofpoverty-stricken sweatshop laborers worldwide who toil away under miserable conditionsto produce the snappy apparel that Americans purchase in droves on a daily basis. Conditioned by a media that places considerable emphasis on possessing a stylishwardrobe, the majority of U.S. consumers are far too awash in their own culture onethat is notorious for the value it places on material wealth to be sensitive to the plightof these indigent foreigners. And although the US medias fleeting scrutiny of sweatshopconditions five years ago did make the issue a greater part of the national consciousnessthan ever before, not enough people changed their buying habits as a result or at leastnot enough to make a dent in the all-important bottom line of guilty corporations. Indeed,major American retailers of clothing and other apparel products have not changed thisdespotic element of their business practices in the least despite the negative publicity; infact, they continue to exploit laborers in foreign, mostly Third-World countries to analarming degree. The scope of the problem is such that hundreds of residents in a town as small andisolated as Santa Cruz have at some point been employed in sweatshops in impoverishednations. Santa Cruz resident Lorenzo Hernandez endured years of mistreatment at aDoall Enterprises factory in El Salvador before immigrating with his wife and two sons toSanta Cruz in September, 2000. He now works full-time as a cook at Tony and AlbasPizza in Scotts Valley, and while he scarcely earns above minimum wage in his currentposition, it represents a substantial improvement to the abject conditions under which helabored for so many years in his home country. They treated us very badly (in ElSalvador), Hernandez said. I earned not enough to live on. My family could only buytwo shirts and pants (per person), and we were always hungry. I worked 14, 16 hours aday but still did not make enough. Hernandez speaks and moves with the languor of a man who has spent his entireadult life working 80-hour weeks at physically-taxing jobs for domineering bosses whoaccepted nothing short of continuous effort without complaint and gra nted onlyoccasional, monitored bathroom breaks. Years of constant use have rendered his handscallused, decrepit, and scattered with patches of scars and discoloration. His face ismarkedly cragged, his eyes convey a vacant though faintly sad quality, and his blackscalp is blotted by manifold gray strands of hair. He is only 34, but his rugged featuresand frail demeanor strikingly approximate those of a typical 60-year-old. I think my jobshave caused me to lose lots of time with my family in the future, he said of his prospectsto live a long, fulfilling life. We will write a custom essay on Sweatshop Labor: Wearing Thin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A National Labor Committee study conducted earlier this year revealed that theaverage Salvadoran family (4.3 people) requires an income of $287.21 per month. Hernandez earned just .60 cents an hour working for Doall only 51% of a basic basketof goods necessary to sustain life in relative poverty. His wife, herself a portrait offragility, worked odd jobs for meager wages to supplement the family income and ensureits survival. Hernandez story is a familiar one not only to those in his native country, but topeople in poor nations worldwide, some of whom face conditions even more desperatethan those endured by many Salvadorans. For instance, wages in Indonesia and Burmahave dropped to as low as what corresponds to nine cents per hour in the U.S. In Mexicogarment workers are paid a lowly average of .50-.54 cents per hour. In Thailand thatnumber is .65 per hour. In addition, many laborers are required to work in generally unhealthy anddangerous surroundings for outrageously-long hours. Ninety-six hour work weeks andfourteen-hour days are routine for employees in the garment industry, who, like theaforementioned Hernandez, often find themselves subject to the demands of tyrannicaland obdurate bosses charged with increasing levels of productivity at the expense of theirworkers welfare. They would yell at us every time they walked by, Hernandez said. Sometimes they would (physically) punish people with straps or sticks to make themwork harder. .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .postImageUrl , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:hover , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:visited , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:active { border:0!important; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:active , .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26 .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02156d970bd4b0735d056b371828bc26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Disadvantages of Homeschooling vs Traditional Educations EssayGender equity and child labor issues in the garment industry have also emerged asan increasing concern of sweatshop-opposed human rights organizations. Of theestimated four million garment workers in China, most are women agedsixteen-to-twenty-three who have migrated from rural areas to live in small rooms in thefactory building in which they work, often with ten-or-so other laborers with whom theymust share only a few beds. Generally, these women are fired if they become pregnant orwhen they reach twenty-five and are worn down by years of working in such physicallystressful conditions. The labor forces in m any factories are comprised of children asyoung as six who are born into poor families and must lead their entire lives in the mostdismal circumstances. The poorest citizens of other countries with substantialworking-class populations like Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, andPakistan exist under similar desperate conditions. The companies responsible for these excessively-capitalistic business practices arehighly visible at any shopping mall throughout the United States. The countrys largestretailer Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., which employs around 825,000 worldwide has, morethan any other company, been the posterchild for third-world labor exploitation since thedeluge of sweatshop publicity struck around five years ago. However, if anything, thecompany relies on sweatshop for the bulk of its production more now than ever before. According to a Washington Post survey, 85% of Wal-Marts private-label clothing iscurrently produced overseas, a 10% increase over 1996 levels. Large corporationsostensibly find third-world nation workforces attractive because those countries do nothave minimum-wage laws or labor unions that might interfere with maximizing profits Managers in some companies are making efforts to ameliorate the situation. Some are responding voluntarily, while others are reacting as a result of pressu re broughtto bear by human rights organizations. The National Labor Committee has coordinateddemonstrations across the United States against sweatshops, targeting Wal-Mart inparticular, in what NLC attorney Al Meyerhoff described on the organizations Web siteas a Process that makes gains at a snails pace. In addition to promoting morediscriminating shopping habits among consumers, the National Labor Committee alsowants Wal-Mart and other stores to disclose the names of all factories and locationsaround the world. This intelligence would more effectively enable human rights activiststo select target areas for future campaigns. Thus far, Wal-Mart has refused to cooperatewith this request. The profits-first corporate approach that pervades Wal-Mart managementmanifests itself distinctly in the attitude of Gerald Saganovich, 34, manager of the SanJose branch of the company. Saganovich staunchly maintains that there is nothingfundamentally unscrupulous about the companys business practices in foreign markets. Were not doing anything that a number of other big businesses arent doing, and that istrying to sustain a healthy bottom line, especially in light of the bad shape the wholeeconomys in right now, he said. Thats the nature of big business. When asked how aware he felt customers are of Wal-Marts business methodsoverseas, he responded that they are Very aware I dont think most people care verymuch, to be completely honestwere not the bad guys here, and people know that. However, in a survey of 50 different shoppers at the San Jose Wal-Mart who were read astatement describing the dire conditions faced by Burmese Wal-Mart sweatshopemployees, only 5 (10%) described themsel ves as very aware of the problem. Twenty-one (42%) were somewhat aware, and 23 (46%) were not at all aware. Ofthe 23 who were previously unaware, only 5 said the information was likely to influencetheir future buying habits. I feel bad for those people (the Burmese), but I still need tobuy myself clothes, said Ashley Donoffrio, 26, of San Jose. Wal-Mart frequently defends against champions of the anti-sweatshop movementby asserting that numerous other dominant American companies that market andmanufacture shoes and attire internationally are equally culpable. And, of course,organizations like the NLC have cited some other very prominent manufacturingcompanies for sweatshop human rights violations, including Liz Claiborne, the Gap, AnnTaylor, K-Mart, Ralph Lauren, J.C. Penny, The Limited, Guess Jeans, Esprit, Nike andAdidas. While the bulk of attention surrounding the inhumane labor practices of thesecompanies center around Asian and South American markets, some of the worstcircumstances for garment workers exist much closer to home. Because of the abundantsupply of inexpensive labor, Mexican border towns are especially popular factory sites forU.S. corporate giants. The citizens of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, a developing city near theTexas-Mexico border, are prototypical casualties of American industrys penchant forexpanding in to impoverished foreign towns. A series of factory buildings, most sportingthe names of popular U.S. brands like the aforementioned Guess, dot the townslandscape and provide subsistence-level employment for many of the citys population of1.3 million. Starting wages are $6 for a nine-hour day, a level that, despite inflation,barely exceeds that of thirty-five years ago. Cuidad Juarez native Ivan Bibriesca, who immigrated to Santa Cruz four yearsago and now works for Alvaros Steakhouse in Capitola, recalls working in the Guessplant as an excruciating experience. It was really bad there I dont think most peoplesurvived, he said. We were so close to the border, but I think most people didnt makeit. Some people tried to get (together) a union, but they got fired. .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .postImageUrl , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:hover , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:visited , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:active { border:0!important; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:active , .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc569c2a09d4a85b39d2c35cd5beabfa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christian evidences EssayIndeed, employers at border towns have consistently worked together toundermine any union movements that have materialized over the years. Invariably, thefactory managers are Americans who commute from nearby El Paso, unlike the laborers,who, for the most part, live in shanty towns without paved roads and sewers and cannoteven afford bus fare to and from work. Because these miserable conditions are prevalentthroughout Ciudad Juarez, they have earned it the nickname The Cardboard City. In any event, the problems of Ciudad Juarez lie deeper than poverty, according toBibriesca. Due to the availability of steady work in the area, there is a massive andnear-constant influx of Mexicans from the south and of deported immigrants from theUnited States, whose presence places a severe strain on the citys resources and hascaused a significant increase in its crime rate. As a consequence both of its burgeoningpopulation and its border location, Ciudad Juarez is not only a popular target for newfactories, but for drug smugglers as well. I would say most of the people there wereinvolved with drugs buying them or selling them, Bibriesca said. People neededmoney, so they sold them, and people needed to get away from how bad their life was, sothey used them. Naturally, the high level of drug activity has also resulted in an inordinate numberof drug-related crimes and murders. Because of the heavy traffic in drugs, substantialamounts of the illegal substances are left behind in the city to be consumed by the locals,many of whom seek to mask the pain of what Bibriesca describes as their impossiblelives. Directly correlated to the illegal immigration and drug smuggling is adisproportionately-high rate of rape and rape-related murders, mostly of female factoryworkers who have moved to the city from rural areas. Those who do not turn to drugs tomask the harsh reality of their existences often find consolation or escape in religion. Fittingly, while more affluent people in the United States disregard the reality ofsweatshop labor because they are preoccupied with trying to sport cutting-edge fashions,the people of Ciudad Juarez seek to disguise their realities because they are so painful. Faced with such unsettling tales of human suffering, Saganovich remains resolute:Wal-Mart is simply looking out for its best interests, and this alleged mistreatment offoreign laborers isnt anywhere near as bad as a lot of people make it out to be. Thepeople who are speaking out so strongly against us are little more than a type ofpropagandists with their own agendas. Nobody forces anyone to work anywhere, and alot of them are coming to America and making better lives for themselves. Hernandez is one of a relatively small number of lucky immigrants who haverealized a greater level of wealth and comfort in the States, but he will never forget theanguish his previous jobs brought him and his compatriots. Its great, I can affordclothes and food here now, he said. But I try to buy from stores (that) dont havesweatshops.

A Peculiar Person I Met Essays

A Peculiar Person I Met Essays A Peculiar Person I Met Paper A Peculiar Person I Met Paper A peculiar person I met â€Å"Humble beginnings seldom pay†- When I was traveling to Mumbai from Vadodara by train during last summer vacation along with my parents, met one young man who was sitting opposite to my seat. He was looking good and obviously confident also. After passing few minutes he asked about me and thus started our interaction. He was none other than Mr. Sarath Babu, who is known as a â€Å"mealion†boy. As mentioned in starting, â€Å"Humble beginnings seldom pay†. But E Sarath Babu will not buy that. For this 28-year-old, rags-to-riches are not just another adage. It’s his very foundation of success. From a slum in Chennai to the top echelons of academia with an enrolment in chemical engineering at BITS Pilani and IIM-A, and now as the steward of his Food King Catering business, Sarath has come a long way. His humility perhaps made him reject several high-brow offers from MNCs after his MBA. That, in a way, was the genesis of Food King Catering- with paltry Rs 2,000 seed money. I was really impressed by his politeness; simplicity and clarity about his way carry forward in life. He told me that today, his food business spans six locations with a Rs. 9-crore turnover and have a plan to increase the same to Rs. 20-crore by end of the year. For Sarath, his mother, who once sold idlis on the pavements of Chennai and worked as an ayah, is a pillar of strength. â€Å"Her sacrifice eggs me on†, says Sarath. Apart from bringing up four children, Sarath’s mother worked as a cook for the mid-day meal scheme for 11 years and got paid just a rupee each day. He was really struggled during his study period and only source of income was his mother’s income. He was well aware that he should do very well in his studies and get sufficient income for him as well his family. He studied hard and completed his engineering and further MBA from IIM Ahmedabad. It was the real example of success which is over coming inadequate resources. I remember that often we used to misuse the facilities we are having and complain about silly things. We have good house to reside, good cloths to wear, bycicle to ply to school and tuition and pocket money whenever demanded. Still not satisfied!!. Now I am sure that how much high the level of struggle you have in life, your progress also will be very high in life, and the same will make a strong foundation of your future life and guide you towards positive growth. Mr. Sarat still remembering that as his mother’s income was insufficient, she mom sought refuge in the food business to supplement her meager income. As she rolled dough in the form of idlis, dosas, bhajjis and appams, it was Sarath’s job to sell them in the neighbourhood. â€Å"For kids living in a slum, idlis for breakfast is something very special,† says Sarath even to this day. A natural entrant to the food business with acquired acumen in childhood, Sarath has trained his sight higher. From the current 250 people, he’s aiming to recruit 2,000 people by next year, â€Å"and probably, 5,000 in the next two years†. This shows his vision, mission and planning accordingly. In everybody’s life all should have a clarity that what should do and where we will stand after certain period. That is first set your goal, plan accordingly and act immediate. This will surely ensure your success. Initially, his catering business, with two units in Ahmedabad, was Rs 2,000-per -day in the loss. â€Å"But I burnt the midnight oil literally to get a solution,† Sarath told me. It’s worth a mention here that Sarath spent most of his childhood in the dark, without electricity. He focused on volumes rather than simple servings, and started taking contracts from institutions and companies. Please remember that if you want to grow think big and do big. To bag an order, Sarath even slept on the platform of Mumbai’s railway station. â€Å"That’s one of my finest nights I’ve ever had,† Sarath reminisces. Today, Food King is targeting 100 clients, including 50 top institutions and 50 corporates for the snacks business - South Indian, North Indian and Chinese food. Food business is not just about selling but also taking care of quality and the people associated with it, Sarath points out. He now envisions FoodKing’s Palace (food malls) across cities where all kinds of Indian food would be served at â€Å"economical rates†. And how does he manage his team? â€Å"I ask them to write their dreams on a piece of paper and advise them to think of developing themselves,† says Sarath. As mentioned before, think big, plan and act. You are the best judge of you, not any one else. Make clear strategy and homework before getting in to anything in life. The will boost your morale and confidence level. I was indeed impressing upon how he is taking advantage of reverse situations also. Is he really worried about inflation or price-rise in food products? When most of the restaurants have increased their prices, Sarath sees an opportunity to serve at a cheaper price. â€Å"Sourcing from one place makes a lot of difference. I will tap this opportunity,† says Sarath. Today, he drives a Chevrolet to take his mother for a ride to oversee his business units in Chennai. â€Å"Next, I want to build a house for my mother,† says Sarath. Remember- don’t panic on when adverse situations happens in life, treat it as an opportunity and learn to convert the same in to success. I still remember this peculiar person I met during my journey which has really improved my thought process and given me a clear cut clarity how to think, plan and act on the things we want to do in life.

Eng 101 Spring 19 Professor Ramos Blog

Eng 101 Spring 19 UNIT 1 Narrative

Cultural feasibility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural feasibility - Assignment Example Thus, a candid approach and inclusion of an IT tutorial on the system will be advisable to help the illiterate feel better using the system. Access to the Internet and the dental website will need the use of internet enabled devices and the use of the internet. The above mentioned are expensive and thus the social, economic factors of the people should be considered when developing the website. There may be cases where the access to the Internet in some places is restricted and thus the people seeking the dental bookings will suffer. It’s also possible to have internet firewalls and proxy servers that specifically target dental websites. The general feeling of people using the system might get the thought of the lack of trust in the system as psychologically they are used to the face to face doctor appointments and reservations. Others may feel that their privacy is being watched by a third party that they do not wish to disclose their information to. It is possible that the culture subjugates women and thus may deny them access to the internet and thus the service to the dental clinics. As an aspect of the ethical security, the information of the clients and of the doctors can be comprised by hackers or viruses and faults in the operations of the IT system running the Website. Lastly, there is a general misplaced dislike and perception about the internet based services that may be present in any culture. A possible solution must be in place to teach and change socially held beliefs about the use of technology.

Informal interview with immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informal interview with immigrant - Essay Example Also, according to my culture, public expression of romantic feelings is discouraged; in fact, according to my culture, it sounds a bit odd to tell your lover publicly that you love her. For that reason therefore, dating in my culture is quite different from dating in the American culture- in my culture, rarely do the dating couple express their romantic feelings in public as is the case in American culture. Again, in socializing, the people of culture behave quite differently from the American people. This is because the people of my culture considers the community to be more important than the individual, for that reason, therefore, the people of my culture are quite united as a community, unlike the American people who are individualistic and who regard the individual to be more important than the community/society. Answer: There are two main situations in which I felt completely misunderstood when I arrived in America. In the first situation, on the first day of my arrival in America, I extended my hand in greetings to all the people I interacted with at the airport. To my surprise, many of the people I extended hands to in greetings looked at me suspiciously and they did not shake my hands; I really felt misunderstood by these people and ever since I wait for the people to first extend their hands in greetings before I extend my hand and shake them in greetings. In the second incident, on my second week in America, I held my friend’s hand, my compatriot mr. Eric Odhiambo, as we were walking along the road; to our surprise, the people looked at us suspiciously. I later learnt that the people who looked at us suspiciously thought that we were gays; in my culture, holding hands among people of the same sex is never associated with gayism or lesbianism. I really felt so much misunderstood in this incident. Answer: One of the things that really surprised me upon arriving in America is the high level of public

Metaphysics Is the Branch of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Metaphysics Is the Branch of Philosophy Essay Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts. These abstract concepts include things like being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space. Over the years I have asked myself numerous questions pertaining to metaphysics. Things such as what is real? How do things such as our souls or even fate work? Do we determine our own fate or is it predetermined for us? Most people, including myself, ask a majority of these questions when they leave the nest. When I was graduating high school, I had no clue what the â€Å"real world† was like. My parents paid the bills, provided for me, and put the roof over my head. As we graduate, you ask who are your â€Å"real† friends? More importantly what is real in general? What’s a real job? As you grow older, you can reflect on what was real as a child, and I have come to the conclusion that everybody’s idea of real changes along with your age and lifestyle. For example when somebody passes away and you’re young, you don’t question if it’s real, but as you age you can’t believe when something so tragic happens and you question it. People do this every day, and for reasons that only they can explain. People talk about the spiritual world openly, but most have never experienced it. So, with that being the case it is hard to determine whether or not it is more or less real that the physical world. That’s one of those questions that as of right now I don’t have the answer to. I believe in the spiritual world whole heartedly, but to say it’s any more or less real is hard for me because I have only experienced the physical world. As of right now, I would say that they are equally real, but that is just my opinion. Going along with that, everyone has a soul, but does it live outside the body before we pass? I don’t believe so. As a Christian, we pray for the Lord to take our soul when we pass, and to protect it while we are alive. Our soul exits the body when we are done on Earth. Fate is a very complex subject. I believe that everyone has an idea of their ultimate fate. This doesn’t mean however that that is how it will end up, or that the step along the way will line up with your plan. For example, when someone dies, people say it must have been fate. I think that things like this are determined by Him, not us. When people say that when they fall in love that it’s fate, but that is determined by us making it free will. Therefore, I believe that our lives are determined by our own free will and fate. Epistemology is basically how we determine if something is a belief or an opinion. Some things are taught to us after they have been investigated, but other things are made up in our minds or families. If you ever look at the actual definition for knowledge it is pretty loosely written. Therefore, knowledge doesn’t have to be true. Your knowledge is determined by you. There are universal examples of knowledge in my opinion. However, since knowledge can be false it’s hard to say if others would believe the same. For example, 2+2=4 that seems like it would be true everywhere, might not be. Someone might be think 2+2=something other than 4. 1. Epistemology: * Is all knowledge subjective, or are there some universal truths? * What is the relationship between faith and reason? * What can artificial intelligence teach people about knowledge? * What are the limits of human understanding? 2. Ethics: * What is the right thing to do? * What does it mean to be a good person? * Does virtue lead to happiness? * Do the ends justify the means, or is a virtuous action virtuous in and of itself? * How does living in a society affect morality? * Is morality culturally based, individually based, or is there a universal morality? 3. Aesthetics: * What is beautiful? * Is beauty truly in the eye of the beholder, or are there some things that all cultures find beautiful? * What is the purpose of art? * How can a piece of art be successful or valuable? Does beauty matter? 4. Political philosophy: * What is the best kind of government? * How much power should the government have? * What kind of people should be in power? * How involved should the common citizen be in government? 5. Social philosophy: * How should humans behave in a society? * Do people give up certain rights when they choose to live in a society? * How do social values affect individual beliefs? Do people behave differently in a crowd than they would individually? * How does society affect language and other types of communication?

Tragically Inane: The Cherry Orchard And Six Characters Essay -- essay

The deconstruction of the conventions of the theatre in Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard predicts the more radical obliteration presented later by Pirandello in Six Characters in Search of an Author. The seed of this attack on convention by Chekhov are the inherent flaws of all the characters in The Cherry Orchard. The lack of any character with which to identify or understand creates a portrait much closer to reality than the staged drama of Ibsen or other playwrights who came before. In recognizing the intrinsic flaws of its characters, we can see how Chekhov shows us that reality is subjective, reality is not simple, linear, or clean, and that the real benefit of theater is to show this inane, subjective reality.There are essentially three flaws that permeate over the characters of The Cherry Orchard. The obvious first flaw is nostalgia. Madame Ranevsky is obviously the main character in this group, as she is really in charge of her family, and her inability to move on with the present is so striking in comparison with what the audience so desperately wants her to do. To her, everything is in the past - even the present. She can't get past the days of her childhood or the disasters six years previous. Even when she is forced to face reality - that the orchard has been sold - it seems like an event in the past. It has been inevitable from the beginning, and so even as it happens, the events are old news. A wonderful example of Madame Ranevsky's nostalgic focus appears as her last substantive line in the play: "One last look... Our dear mother used to walk up and down this room." Madame Ranevsky sees the past, present, and future as the past only.Gayef, Simon-Pitschik, and Firs are the other characters that complete this group fixated on the past. Their versions of the past differ slightly, but that is almost all of the difference between their individual versions of the flaw. Essentially, Gayef is a benign, ineffectual man, and so his past is consistent with that. Firs and Pitschik both have an aggravated sense of the beauty of the past. Firs sees being a peasant as a wholly beneficial experience - at least in the past. Pitschik seems generally confused about what is happening and what has happened, while still being obsessively nostalgic.The reason why this nostalgia can be compared to a tragic flaw is that it causes the characters it a... ...ant these inanities of life are to Chekhov's play is the action of the play. Nothing that happens on stage changes the situation of the characters in it one bit. None of the really important events occur on stage. The selling of the orchard, the chopping down of the orchard; all of it happens offstage. This tells the audience that the important part of The Cherry Orchard (and by extension, plays in general) is the human interaction. The plot means nothing in comparison with the specific traits and flaws given each character. That is what truly makes the play great. It is reality; everyone talks, no one listens, and no one changes.Chekhov has predated Pirandello in this technique that rips down conventions of the theatre. He paves the way for Pirandello to present Six Characters in Search of an Author. The father merely expresses what the audience knows, at least subconsciously, while watching The Cherry Orchard. The action the audience is forced to recognize in Six Characters is subtly broached in Chekhov's play. It is discussion, and it is real discussion. People are different, and people are unpredictable. Reality is tragically inane, and that is what the theatre shows best. Tragically Inane: The Cherry Orchard And Six Characters Essay -- essay The deconstruction of the conventions of the theatre in Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard predicts the more radical obliteration presented later by Pirandello in Six Characters in Search of an Author. The seed of this attack on convention by Chekhov are the inherent flaws of all the characters in The Cherry Orchard. The lack of any character with which to identify or understand creates a portrait much closer to reality than the staged drama of Ibsen or other playwrights who came before. In recognizing the intrinsic flaws of its characters, we can see how Chekhov shows us that reality is subjective, reality is not simple, linear, or clean, and that the real benefit of theater is to show this inane, subjective reality.There are essentially three flaws that permeate over the characters of The Cherry Orchard. The obvious first flaw is nostalgia. Madame Ranevsky is obviously the main character in this group, as she is really in charge of her family, and her inability to move on with the present is so striking in comparison with what the audience so desperately wants her to do. To her, everything is in the past - even the present. She can't get past the days of her childhood or the disasters six years previous. Even when she is forced to face reality - that the orchard has been sold - it seems like an event in the past. It has been inevitable from the beginning, and so even as it happens, the events are old news. A wonderful example of Madame Ranevsky's nostalgic focus appears as her last substantive line in the play: "One last look... Our dear mother used to walk up and down this room." Madame Ranevsky sees the past, present, and future as the past only.Gayef, Simon-Pitschik, and Firs are the other characters that complete this group fixated on the past. Their versions of the past differ slightly, but that is almost all of the difference between their individual versions of the flaw. Essentially, Gayef is a benign, ineffectual man, and so his past is consistent with that. Firs and Pitschik both have an aggravated sense of the beauty of the past. Firs sees being a peasant as a wholly beneficial experience - at least in the past. Pitschik seems generally confused about what is happening and what has happened, while still being obsessively nostalgic.The reason why this nostalgia can be compared to a tragic flaw is that it causes the characters it a... ...ant these inanities of life are to Chekhov's play is the action of the play. Nothing that happens on stage changes the situation of the characters in it one bit. None of the really important events occur on stage. The selling of the orchard, the chopping down of the orchard; all of it happens offstage. This tells the audience that the important part of The Cherry Orchard (and by extension, plays in general) is the human interaction. The plot means nothing in comparison with the specific traits and flaws given each character. That is what truly makes the play great. It is reality; everyone talks, no one listens, and no one changes.Chekhov has predated Pirandello in this technique that rips down conventions of the theatre. He paves the way for Pirandello to present Six Characters in Search of an Author. The father merely expresses what the audience knows, at least subconsciously, while watching The Cherry Orchard. The action the audience is forced to recognize in Six Characters is subtly broached in Chekhov's play. It is discussion, and it is real discussion. People are different, and people are unpredictable. Reality is tragically inane, and that is what the theatre shows best.

PR Plan for M&S Clothing

Introduction In recent years, Marks & Spencer’s clothing sales have experienced a period of decline and have been involved in a large amount of discounting which has a negative impact on the profit margins within the department. The purpose of this PR plan is to consider an appropriate marketing and PR strategy that would lead to the turnaround of this ailing department. Aims and Objectives The primary aim of this PR and marketing agenda is essentially to reinvent the positioning of the M&S clothing division, so that it is not forced into having to discount and is therefore able to maintain stronger profit margins. Historically, Marks & Spencer’s has maintained a strong reputation for providing quality basics, without necessarily being at the cutting edge of fashion, with the establishment of additional ranges, aiming to have the impact of turning this perception around. Yet, the increased use of disposable fashion from the likes of Primark has put increasing pressure on companies such as Marks & Spencer when it comes to retaining their market share (MacDonald, 2011). Despite this, the marketing campaign, â€Å"Leading Ladies†, has shown a slight turnaround of fortunes, indicating that a concerted effort within the PR and marketing area could indeed have a dramatic effect on this ailing area within M&S (Marks and Spencer, 2014). Audience The audience is potentially one of the hardest things to identify, in terms of this overall PR plan, as Marks & Spencer’s clothing covers such a potentially wider audience. It is suggested in this case, however, that by focusing on ladies wear, the overall agenda for the clothing department can be considered and looked at in the long run (Hackley, 2009). The target audience for this plan therefore is to focus on the fashion conscious, yet affluent 20 – 40 year old category. Attempting to compete with the prices of disposable fashion outlets is simply impractical; therefore, the focus needs to be on the high income a professional, fashionable women who also want their clothes to be excellent quality and durability. Message Linked to the chosen audience is the message that M&S clothing products are providing quality, durable essentials that offer a sophisticated and professional look, with a touch of fashion that is not a disposable, cheap fashion product. One of the key problems which have been identified within the M&S clothing range in recent years is that the cost of the product has simply not warranted the quality of fashion being provided, and the balance between quality and cost needs to be redressed (Parrish, 2010). Maintaining a strong quality is important. Yet, it is necessary for the fashionable element of the product to be brought to the forefront of this message, and this needs to be delivered clearly to the young, affluent audience. In order to achieve this M&S is going to focus on the younger audience by engaging with young workers and students. Offering discounts and selecting the relevant media publications that aim at these people will be a crucial part of delivering this message. Communication Strategies Bearing in mind the message and the target audience in question, the choice of communication strategy will be particularly important when it comes to successfully providing this shift in emphasis and new marketing strategy. Given the chosen audience, the communication strategies also need to be aimed at a younger audience, using factors such as the internet and e-mail marketing, in order to portray a younger, more cutting-edge image. Establishing affiliations with third parties and appropriate magazines will also be important for encouraging potential consumers to view Marks & Spencer clothing in a slightly different light. Events such as fashion shows and launches of product ranges in locations that are going to be targeting this new audience. Working with Universities and popular work areas in central towns will assist in this matter. Celebrity endorsement is also potentially going to assist in shifting the perceptions of Marks & Spencer away from products which are slightly old and staid. By partnering with the appropriate celebrities and also appropriate events, the general perception of the company can be changed, over time, and this needs to be a relatively mid-term agenda for M&S. Resource and Budget The overall size of M&S and the ability to draw on financial resources from other departments such as the food and home department provides evidence of real opportunities in regard to spending a large amount on this revised PR and marketing approach that would be impossible for other organisations without the backing of these departments. In order to completely reinvent the perception around an organisation the size of M&S will require a consistent and large resource, over a relatively prolonged period of time. In addition, however, it is proposed that a six-month time horizon be looked at, with the majority of the focus being placed on shifting the emphasis and eventually reinventing the product range. It is therefore suggested that a team of four marketing professionals should be given the agenda of achieving this plan as part of a specific six-month project (Hallbauer, 2008). Initially, it is proposed that a budget of ?260,000 will be provided on the basis of ?40,000 per month to cover the advertising in key locations and in order to ensure that the manpower is available in every store across the country. It is also recognised that having a strong celebrity endorsement may be very beneficial, the budget may need to be adjusted to reflect this. Evaluation Methods By looking at the current difficulties being faced by the M&S clothing range, it can be seen that it is largely attached to the perception of individuals and the demands of the potential target audience. With this in mind, evaluating the marketing and PR agenda will not only involve looking at quantitative figures such as the change in sales, but more crucially at the changing perceptions of customers and potential customers. Also for this reason, at least initially, the necessary way to evaluate the PR agenda will be to undertake an analysis of customer perceptions and satisfaction of products. After the initial six-month period, it is anticipated that there will be shifting sales figures and therefore the evaluation methods used would need to alter to take this into account. It is, however, recognised that this marketing agenda will not completely change the fortunes of the company in a matter of weeks and evaluation methods need to be reflective of this gradual shift, if the agend a is not to be deemed a failure, at a fairly early stage (Newman & Cullen, 2002). References Hackley, C, (2009) Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Approach, SAGE Publications Hallbauer, S, (2008) Retail Marketing and New Retail Idea – Marks and Spencer, GRIN Verlag MacDonald, G, (2011) For M&S’s Bolland, Success is in the Detail, Retail Week, Available at: http://www.retail-week.com/city/for-mss-bolland-success-is-in-the-detail/5025603.article Marks and Spencer (2014) Available at: http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/press_releases/only_m_s_marks_spencer_invites_you_to_meet_britains_leading_ladies Newman, A & Cullen, P, (2002) Retailing: Environment & Operations, Cengage Learning Parrish, E. (2010) Retailers’ use of niche marketing in product development. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 546-561

Coppola Film Style Essay

Francis Ford Coppola has produced many films over his career. Two of his films that have become very popular are The Godfather and Apocalypse Now! Coppola uses many of the same elements in his films. In particular he uses cross cutting, close ups, non-simultaneous sound, the element of innocence, and the importance of the music. By looking at The Godfather and Apocalypse Now! these elements are clearly represented. The element of cross cutting is used in The Godfather in the baptism scene. While Michaels niece is in the church and the priest is going over his vows of becoming her godfather the camera cuts between the killing of all the heads of the other mafia families. In Apocalypse Now! cross cutting is used when Wilard is killing Captin Kurtz. While Wilard is killing Kurtz the camera cuts between their blood bath in the temple to the religious ceremony outside that the Vietnamese are sacrificing what appears to be a water buffalo. Non-simultaneous sound is used in Apocalypse Now! when the American army is flying into a small Vietnamese village. The camera is focused on a small schoolhouse and in the background the sound of helicopter propellers spinning can be heard. As the helicopters near the village the kernel turns on an instrumental piece by Beethoven, which is supposed to scare the villagers. Another example of non-simultaneous sound is used in Apocalypse Now! when Wilard gets off the boat at the last spot before he enters Cambodia. The voice of a Vietnamese man can be heard shouting slurs at the Americans but the camera does not show him. One of the soldiers shoots in the direction where the voice is coming from and then there is nothing but silence. Even though the man is not shown the sound implies that he is dead. During the baptism scene in The Godfather non-simultaneous sound is used as well. As the heads of the families are being killed the voices from the church can be heard as Michael is accepting his vows of becoming the godfather. Footsteps echo through a separate hallway from the church as the camera focuses in on the alter at the church. Innocence is represented in The Godfather through Micheals character. In the beginning of the film he is completely separate from the ‘family business’.  He does not want anything to do with it. As the film continues on his father’s life is put in danger and he is almost killed. Michael stays by his side and protects him. By his actions of protecting his father he is inducted into the ‘family business’. Which results him in becoming the new head of his family. By becoming the godfather Michael looses his innocence because he has to kill people and participate in illegal activities. In Apocalypse Now! the element of innocence is represented by a small puppy. As Wilard and his crew are floating down the river in their boat they come across a Vietnamese family on a boat. They pull up alongside it and Wilard orders Cook to go inspect the boat to see if they are stowing any weapons on board. The woman on the boat made a quick movement and Wilard and his crew got scared and started shooting everywhere resulting in the death of the family that was on the boat. After the shooting stopped Cook realized that she was just trying to protect her little puppy that she had kept hidden. One of the other crew members decides to take the puppy on to their own boat and bring it along for the rest of their journey. The importance of score is represented in Apocalypse Now! while Cook is sitting on the boat and starts to make the radio call to bomb the area where Kutrz is staying. In the background the sound of drums are used to simulate the steps of feet approaching the boat. Another example is when the helicopters are flying into the Vietnamese village; the captain blasts a Beethoven song. The song ties into the scene perfectly because the composer is known to be very racist and while the song is playing the captain calls out many racial slurs. In The Godfather an example of useful score is when the film producer of a new movie is laying in bed and as the camera pans up to where he is sleeping the music in the background get louder and louder. When the producer wakes up he is covered in blood and he starts to scream which then turns into the baby in the mafia family crying. The element of close ups is another common element used by Coppola. In the Apocalypse Now! many close ups are used on Wilards face and eyes. These close ups are used to convey the emotions he has and to show how war is effecting his character. The intensity of Kurtz is also shown through the use of close ups. In the scene where he drops Cooks head in Wilards lap is  an excellent example of this. Kurtz approaches Wilard and the camera focuses on the expression on his face, Kurtz shows no emotion and just stares straight into the cameras eyes, he appears to be almost inhuman. Close ups are used in The Godfather to accentuate the importance of family as well as close ups on hands. The symbol of hands was to show that their family was in control of everything that happened. No one could deny them because all they would need to do is â€Å"make them an offer they couldn’t refuse.† The close ups to show the importance of family played through out the entire movie because their main goal was to keep business and family separate. Francis Ford Coppola used many common elements in his films such, cross cutting, close ups, non-simultaneous sound, the element of innocence, and the importance of the music. By watching The God Father and Apocalypse Now! these elements are clearly represented. Coppola has a clear film style that cannot be argued to exclude the elements of cross cutting, importance of music, close ups, and innocence. In any of his films one or more of these elements are used.

buy custom Biopsychosocial Assessment of an Anorexic Client essay

buy custom Biopsychosocial Assessment of an Anorexic Client essay Biopsychosocial assessment of clients in medical fields involves the assessment of the biological, psychological and social factors in human functioning with regards to diseases and ailments. It recognizes that thoughts, emotions and behavior play significant roles in the normal human functioning (Nurse Blog, 2009). One of such areas where thoughts, emotions, and social behavior have such impact is in psychiatry. Anorexia is one such psychiatric disorders resulting from an unexplained fear of weight gain, self denial of food and conspicuous distortion of the body image. The Cleveland Clinic (2007) describes the anorexic client as obsessed with getting increasingly thinner and thus compromising his/her health through food ration and starvation. This paper is based on a biopsychosocial assessment of an anorexic client and focuses on the clients symptoms, issues, strengths, recourses and finally proposes a treatment plan. Symptoms an Anorexic Client Common Symptoms Anorexic patients suffer from conditions of rapid weight loss, unusual interest in food, nutrition or cooking, intensive fear of weight gain, strange eating habits and routines and social withdrawal. Aylet (2001) explains that anorexia is more common in females who may also experience infrequent and irregular menstrual periods. Backer and Wilgram (2009) assert that compulsive exercising, and depressive conditions like anxiety and irritability are also common symptoms of anorexia disorder in patients. Long-term Physical Symptoms Medics on the other hand, have identified long term physical symptoms as low tolerance to cold weather, brittle hair and nails, lack of blood, constipation and change in skin color. With regards to my client she presented more outward signs such as depression, brittle hair, withdrawal behaviors, weight loss, swollen joints and strange eating habits. Such symptoms manifest commonly among anorexic patients (Cleveland Clinic, 2007). Anorexic Patients Strengths It is an issue of concern for medical practitioners on how anorexic patients undergo long periods of fasting and weight loss. Backer and Wigram (1999) indicate that anorexic symptoms are very understandable and meaningfully seen from the clients point of view. For example, the fact that my client could observe the advanced physical symptoms of anorexia in her, it was surprising that she still wanted more weight loss. Ayelet (2001) explains that anorexic clients enjoy dieting with an intention of loosing weight and live in a condition of self denial. They have the ability to progressively reduce weight even when their weight is already low (Backer and Wigram, 1999). Ability to Derive Satisfaction The assessment of the clients nutritional routine revealed one of self-starving with a degree of satisfaction. Sturmey (2009) reveals the aspect of enjoyment in starvation asserting that persons with anorexia typically restrict food intake in a rigid and extreme way. Thus, these patients have the ability to derive satisfaction from restricted food intake. My client informed me that she uses laxative and diet pills to reduce weight gain and consequently feels much happier than ever before. This behavior is confirmed in Ayelet (2001) when she asserts that anorexic patients derive pleasure from the sensation of starvation. Exhibition of Self Critical Ability My client also exhibited self critical ability which enabled her to strive for perfection in all that she undertook without much criticism. First, she wore lose clothing to hide her weight loss from her parents and teachers. She underscored the fact that she looses weight in order to look good and hence attract more friends. Ayelet (2001) identified the constant feeling of success, self control and accomplishment as some of the factors which make adolescents loose weight. Ayelet (2001) also describes anorexic patients self critical skills as enabling them explore various ways of having a better control of their body and nutrition even amist criticism from peers. The Anorexic Patients Recourse Introduction Most anorexic patients resort to other means to achieve their objectives in weight loss and distortion of their bodies. This section discusses four mechanisms that my client uses to attain success even amidst anxiety, stress and guilt. These mechanisms include management of depression through suicidal tendencies, physical exercising to substitute the urge for food, binging and purging and lastly conditioned hunger inhibition. Depression Most anorexic patients undergo a history of depressive symptoms which include low mood, tiredness, social withdrawal and a feeling of guilt, shame and failure. Sturmey (2009) explains that depressions may also cause a change in eating habits of an individual. My client expressed depressive symptoms of guilt, shame and social withdrawal. She had a low self esteem with a distinctive loss of self confidence from her weight loss. Ayelet (2001) explains that stress, insecurity and anxiety are more familiar with anorexic patients. She further explains that such patients value death as a solution to their withdrawal and weight loss problems. Its is no wonder that most anorexic patients have suicidal habits. Physical Exercising Studies have shown that most anorexic clients undertake alternative reinforcing activities in order to compete with the reinforcing value of food (Sturmey, 2009). In other words, competing alternative reinforces are able to compete with the reinforcing value of food. Despite the fact that my client had a decreased time for eating, she had allocated more time for physical activities, watching movies, studies and other social activities. Not only does physical and social activities preoccupy the anorexic patients mind to avoid meals but also help in weight loss itself. Ayelet (2001) indicates that she developed a comprehensive plan to enable her exercise with the intention of loosing more weight and forgetting food. She writes I was preoccupied and obsessed with all these aspects of my program. Backer in Backer and Wigram (1999) confirmed the effect of physical activity in anorexic clients when one of his clients told him that he liked playing the piano because it made her forget all h er thought. Binging and Purging The second recourse for anorexic patients is what is referred to by Sturmey (2009) as bulimia-type behavior. My client displaced a history of vomiting and self induced constipation. Ayelet (2001) explains that anorexic patients are experienced at forcing themselves to vomit and hiding and throwing away food. The misuse of laxatives and diuretics are also other ways used by anorexic patients (Sturmey, 2009). My client reported that she started purging and binging by initially digging her fingers down her throat and then later down her abdomen. Hunger Inhibition Sturmey (2009) indicates that anorexic patients may develop a conditioned anticipator response to inhibit feelings of hunger and desire to eat even while seeing food. This condition is developed by the body because of the patients history of eating limited variety of food at decreased intervals. My client informed me that she drinks a lot of water in between meals. However, Sturmey (2009) argues that the amount of water taken during a meal should be regulated for it affects the self-reported feelings of hunger and satiety during a meal. Treatment Plan as an Anorexic Client This paper has underscored the multidimensional aspect of the anorexic disorder. An appropriate treatment plan should address both physical problems caused by the patients eating disorder and the psychiatric problems such as depressions, anxiety and the suicidal thoughts. Sturmey (2009) argues that a good treatment plan should have the maximum magnitude of effect and address the behavioral and the causative dimensions. Such treatment plans should involve psychotherapy and nutritional counseling and be as supportive as possible to alleviate denial and rebellion. They should recogniize that most anorexia patients are in a state of self denial and may refuse to follow the treatment plan (Backer and Wigram, 1999). Psychotherapy Treatment an Anorexic Client Psychotherapy should be accompanied by medical and nutritional support and guidance. It involves changing the cognitive and behavioral thinking and actions of a patient. However, this plan should be undertaken after the review of the clients history, the current symptoms, assessment of the physical status and other psychiatric issues like depression and anxiety (Ayelet, 2001). Such review would help the medical practitioner to ascertain the level of medication required and whether inpatient or outpatient attention is necessary. The treatment should address the underlying psychological, interpersonal and cultural forces contributing to the weight loss. Ayelet (2009) explains that eating disorder could be attributed to social factors. My client informed me that she recognized herself as criticized, neglected, isolated and insecure in her family. On the other hand, Ayelet (2001) explains that she suffered from heavy cramps during her first period and realized that loosing weight was a successful way to prevent both painful periods and growing up. Nutritional Counseling and Support Groups Nutritional counseling provides a good opportunity for the patients to understand the importance of good eating behaviors and to incorporate such behaviors in their daily life. Of importance is also the formation of support groups to offer advice on appropriate eating habits. Sturmey (2009) asserted that good nutritional treatment should not only target eating behavior itself but also the behaviors that are related to eating. Family and group support is very necessary in treatment of this disorder. Ayelet (2001) asserted that persons with anorexia require a supportive family where they could discuss openly their feelings and concerns. They also need to share their experiences and problems to those who share the same problems and are undergoing treatment. Medical Monitoring Medical treatment may be required to treat severe weight loss and other serious mental or physical health symptoms such as heart disorders, depressions. The Nurse Blog 2009 reports that Anorexia may cause serious medical complications like malnutrition, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in the body. The result of such complications may lead to serious health complications and conditions like bowel disease, heart failure anemia and even infertility. Thus, regular medical monitoring is a necessity in the treatment of this condition. Challenges in Implementation of the Medical Plan Further, it should be noted that any behavioral change process may result into other problems which may require medical attention (Ayelet, 2001). For instance, clients may develop harmful physiological effects, resistance, social isolation and extreme depressive moods which if not monitored may result to resistance, medical complications and even death. My client may develop resistance to nutritional advice and support groups and family counseling. Conclusion This paper has discussed the biopsychosocial assessment of a client suffering from anorexia disorder. It has found out that anorexia is a condition of unexplained weight loss due to starvation. It also involves a severe disturbance of the body image and a general fear by the patient of weight gain (obesity). While discussing this condition, the paper has prioritized on the symptoms of the disorder, the strengths of the patients and has finally presented a treatment plan. The treatment plan highlighted addresses both the symptoms and the destructive eating habits. It attempts to look at the root cause of the problem, whether triggered by emotional, social or biological factors that lead to disordered eating. This paper also takes cognizance of the fact that any treatment plan should first be discussed with the anorexia client before it is implemented. This is due to the other conditions that may arise from an attempt to change behavior and emotions. 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The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Research Paper Example

The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Research Paper Example The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Paper The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Paper The Integration Of Psychology And Theology Psychology and Christianity have been at odds for as long as they as they have coexisted. This book tries to explain how the two can be integrated and be able to work together. The authors, John D. Carter and Bruce Narrmore, go through several ways of combining these two ideas that seem so far apart, but are actually, in theory, connected. The first chapter is about the possibilities of integrating psychology and theology, and some of the misconceptions that some Christians have toward psychology. Psychology has become such a big force in the past decades that there is no way that Christians can just ignore it. The two choices that they are, is to either integrate the basic principles of psychology with our theology, or completely throw it away. Christians cannot do the latter because psychology is a science that explains how we as humans take things and how they affect us. Christians sometimes tend to go with the choice of completely throwing it out, but what they don?t realize is that the basic principles of psychology and the basic principles of the Bible do not disagree. It is the theories of these psychology, model, pg, think, two, way, version, secular, basic, against, christianity, because, principles, christians, christian, ways, truth, out, integrate, go, different, between, authors, about, understand, theology, several, role, need, integration, first, book, believe, assumption

Critically assess the foreign policy of Barack Obama Essay

Critically assess the foreign policy of Barack Obama - Essay Example For those who serve the President, in this case Barack Obama, they would claim first and foremost, that they serve at the pleasure of the President. They are loyal workers within a national structure, that In the months leading up to the 2008 Presidential election, mass examples would exist as it came to general concern over the present state of affairs within the military action taking place, as a part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The current President, in an effort to champion change in terms of what had become the norm, would make assertions that, for many, would appear to be significant and in that case, would lead the nation in a direction that would have been different from the most recent office holder and most likely, different from the choices made of other previous Presidents themselves. In considering whether or not these individuals, both men and women, would be seen more as self-serving and/or working for the same result, the answer(s) to that, would fall within being in the eye of beholder. An individual(s) can very easily possess intentions that may overtly seem self-serving but on the inside, may have been executed with what the person(s), may have felt were the most sincere of motives. For the President of the United States, one of the placements made to his national security team, would be the very person who sought to defeat him during the previous Presidential election. An individual of considerable political strength, Hillary Clintons placement amongst the foreign policy fray of the Obama Administration, would seem to some, as being a way to ensure that, by the time 2012 came and the President would surely seek re-election, Secretary Clinton would be in the position of being unable to attempt a second Presidential bid. This can be stated by the very thought, amongst many within the political structure, that an individual would not partake in a campaign for elected office that would place them in

Human Resources Managent - Equal Employment Opportinunity Essay

Human Resources Managent - Equal Employment Opportinunity - Essay Example e conducted in which the Supreme Court judges whether an act conducted by the organization was discriminatory or not and if the court perceives it to be a discriminatory act then it is usually discontinued unless three defenses are presented by the employer; business necessity, which is the expectation to perform by all employees, bona fide occupational qualifications, which are requirements of a job by organizations in order to meet the criteria of that firm and lastly, seniority systems, which allow certain discriminatory acts to occur, if they are established by a senior law (DeCenzo 150). There are certain cases in history which are worth revisiting in order to implement equal opportunities with ease in the workplace, such as the case in Davis Medical School in 1978, where they failed to set aside any seats for minority students which was a clear case of discrimination. And these cases may apply similarly or differently to different countries. Sexual harassment is also one of the issues that violate equality in the workplace, especially towards women. It can be physical or verbal in nature, and may involve the employee’s work, environment or their growth opportunities (Giele & Stebbins 39). Women, even in this day and age, face a great deal of issues in this phenomenon of equal employment. Even if they do, they are not in the same posts, or getting the same pay as men. Organizations should be more sensitive towards women, and payments, posts etc. should be made according to their merit and comparable worth, and the glass ceiling that is restricting women in the workplace should be removed (Boland 170). This issue of equality among employees is one of the most pressing issues for the human resource department of organizations and many laws have been enacted to keep their rights in place. These include the Privacy Act of 1974, which makes it compulsory for organizations to make available to their employees all the important records as well as their own

Concepts of Operations Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Concepts of Operations Project - Essay Example B Concepts believes that these types of incident should be avoided before it can effect the organization. It is better to prevent than cure, B Concepts CIRT follows this policy to handle any incidents. Before moving forward lets look up some definition of CIRT so that in can be easily understand. â€Å"CIRT is a carefully selected and well-trained group of people whose purpose is to promptly and correctly handle an incident so that it can be quickly contained, investigated, and recovered from. It is usually comprised of members from within the company. They must be people that can drop what they’re doing (or re-delegate their duties) and have the authority to make decisions and take actions.†i Support Members: This group of members consists of from various department of the organization .They are Firewall administrator, LAN administrator, Help Desk, Database administrator and Network operation centre . Roles and responsibilities: B Concepts Core Group members have main responsibility for maintain the entire system of the organization from computer security incidents. They work in synchronous with support group so that the goal and objectives of the CIRT can be fulfilled. Below is the roles and responsibility of the various groups, member listed. Core Members: This is the main group of the CIRT which is responsible for handling any types of computer security incidents (events) that may occur in the organization. Each member has some fix role and responsibility that are. CIRT Co-ordinator- Co-ordinator of the CIRT is responsible for all the incidents that can effects the organization. Co-ordinator looks after the things such as policy, standard, another are followed properly or not in the organization. CIRT Co-ordinator works in synchronous with Core members and Support members and led the team. Senior Level Computer Analyst-This group of members are

Cultural evolution Essay Example for Free

Cultural evolution Essay In his article â€Å"Where Do Social Relations Come From? †, Michael Grossetti discusses the ways that human relationships are studied by sociologists, citing that often the methodology begins by starting with the relationship ad working backward to define it (Grossetti,p. 289). The most lasting relationships are the ones that come from organizations, he concludes, especially those related to family and friends. When we related this conclusion back to cultural evolution theory, we can argue that the lasting relationships of this generation because at this point in time most relationships are forged out of organizations or via our families. However, we can clearly argue that once this may not have been true as people had longer term relationships with people in their neighborhoods and those with whom they had a physical proximity. Grossetti argues that neighborhoods do not provide a basis for lasting relationships as they do not necessarily share life values or interests which draw people together (p. 292). When discussing this assertion in relation to cultural evolution, we can argue that in the recent past, neighborhoods did share a commonality that is now missing – immigrants would tend to settle in neighborhoods, neighborhoods would be divided by racial or religious lines, or at the most tangential neighborhoods would be reflective of a certain socio-economic status. Now, according to Grossetti’s study, relationships have evolved to the point that people develop relationships based primarily on organizations which they belong to –church groups, work groups, or interest organizations. When this is combined with the use of social networks, it can be observed that people are then creating a new means to segregate themselves via their interests. People have developed a new means to identify people with like interests and create new association groups. The interesting aspect of this evolving form of meeting may be that it creates relationships among people who in previous generations may never even have met. Because social networking allows people with common interests to meet without the traditional introduction of a mutual friend, they may completely change the way relationship develop in the future, dovetailing nicely with the theory of cultural evolution.

Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane

Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane Hits England and Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan In this essay I aim to compare the two poems Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† In this essay I aim to compare the two poems â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† by Grace Nichols and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† by Moniza Alvi. I aim to analyse the language and structure shape of different meanings, also to see what acts as a trigger in the two poems and finally to compare the issues rose about culture. Both of the poets feelings about their culture are triggered by something, which makes them think about how they feel. Alvi uses the presents to act as a trigger, which makes her realise, she isn’t as happy as what she could be. When she describes herself as †Staring through the fretwork,† she shows that she feels torn between the two cultures. She also feels that she is stuck within the English culture but wants to widen her knowledge to the Pakistani culture and maybe even switch her culture. Another meaning to when she says this, is she doesn’t feel the fretwork is only iron but the English culture is there stopping her and not the iron frame. Or it could even be herself that is stopping her because she is afraid of not fitting in since she has changed so much. In comparison, Nichols uses the hurricane to act as her trigger, however, it doesn’t have the same effect on her as it did on Alvi. When Nichols says â€Å"It took a hurricane to bring her closer to the landscape,† she is talking about herself. When she says this, she means that ever since she moved to England, she has felt that he... ...ow the traditions as well. The quotes show that the Pakistani culture follows a tradition of wearing a salwar kameez, whereas the English culture follows a tradition of â€Å"quick and easy beds†. She uses this as a contrast between the two cultures to make them apart. Throughout the poem Alvi explores the different cultures and there meanings. Nichols refers to the cultures in different ways. When she writes, †Talk to me Huracon†¦Oya†¦Shango,† she is directly addressing them and talks to them as if they were her family. I personally think that each of these poems has its own unique qualities, however my personal favourite is Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan. I like this poem because Moniza Alvi manages to express her feelings in a way that I have never been able to and also because she can explore the way she feels by choosing different things to compare.

The Human Impacts of Tectonic Landforms and Hazards

Even today there are people who do not understand why or where tectonic activity takes place. Tectonic activity does not only take place at plate boundaries – intra-plate earthquakes, e.g. Bam, Iran. This leads people to think it won’t happen to them. The developing world has fewer resources or expertise to study the natural environment (or human environment) – methods to identify areas at risk may not exist (e.g. poorer levels of education), especially if the area is not very active. Read this Ch. 22 Respiratory System Pompeii – a classic case of ignorance to disaster. The lack of an eruption in ‘living memory’ led many to believe that Vesuvius was dormant. In 79AD there was no expectation of an eruption – people were caught completely unaware. At the time, the science was not understood – many believed the eruption, and preceding earth tremors were the gods’ anger. Choice: Some people know the risks, but lack financial resources, or have close links to family in the area, and are therefore unable/unwilling to move. Other choose to stay, as the benefits outweigh the costs, e.g. Southern California – well paid jobs and a pleasant climate outweigh concerns over earthquake risk. The benefits of tectonically active areas: Minerals and natural resources – volcanoes bring valuable resources to the surface of the earth, e.g. Diamonds, copper, gold. Seafloor volcanoes contribute to the accumulation of metals, e.g. zinc, lead – mining industries. Fertile soils – volcanic material breaks down through weathering to provide nutrients (minerals) for plant growth. Geothermal energy. Tourism and associated employment, e.g. hotels, transport, tour guides. Heat and pressure turn organic matter into deposits of oil and gas. Impacts on people and possessions: The severity of the impacts depends on physical factors (e.g. event profiles, geology, terrain) and human factors (e.g. population density). Physical impacts on people: Damage/destruction of property and infrastructure. Volcanoes – luckily  ¾ of erupted lava is from underwater volcanoes, much of it along ocean ridges, so the impact is minor. The greatest risk is at destructive plate margins. Most active volcanoes are found in the developing world, e.g. Latin america, the Caribbean, parts of Asia and the south-west Pacific. Increased urbanisation and population growth concentrates people and infrastructure. Earthquakes – the worst earthquakes are not necessarily those with the largest magnitude. The worst impacts are felt in densely populated areas and areas with high vulnerability. Economic impacts on people: These can be direct or indirect. Often greater in developed countries than developing countries. Direct impacts include capital goods and equipment destroyed. They can occur immediately, or later as a result of follow-on damage or deterioration. Indirect impacts occur as a result of interruption to commercial systems, lost wages, and lost opportunities to do business. Macroeconomic impacts are felt across the whole economy of the community, region, or in the worst case the whole nation. The Northridge earthquake (California, 1994) – 60 deaths but US$30 billion in economic impact, as it hit dense infrastructure in the San Fernando Valley. Social impacts on people: Human life is irreplaceable. Volcanoes – most impact on human life is due to pyroclastic flows or lahars (e.g. Nevado del Ruiz). Earthquakes – tsunamis are particularly terrifying. The 1883 Krakatau eruption triggered tsunamis that killed 36 000 and destroyed 165 coastal villages. The impact on human life is usually greater from earthquakes than from volcanic eruptions. Primary casualties – those killed/injured directly by the event. Usually greater in developing countries than developed. Secondary casualties – those that survive the event itself but die/are injured due to insufficient resources or lack of medical care. Again, usually greater in developing countries than developed. Tertiary casualties – those with pre-existing medical conditions that are aggravated by the event. Includes those who become ill/die. For example, through disease contracted in the post-disaster environment. In developing countries, these are often the largest group of casualties. Poverty reduces the capacity to reduce the impacts, or to recover. Environmental degradation reduces natural impact buffers, e.g. mangrove removal (Indian Ocean, 2004), and therefore contributes to delaying recovery time. Note: to more accurately compare the impacts in developed and developing countries, it is better to use damage cost as a % of GDP, as developed countries have more infrastructure, etc., to be damaged. The absolute costs may be lower in a developing country, but the relative costs (as a % of GDP) are likely to be much higher.