Concepts of Operations Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Concepts of Operations Project - Essay Example B Concepts believes that these types of incident should be avoided before it can effect the organization. It is better to prevent than cure, B Concepts CIRT follows this policy to handle any incidents. Before moving forward lets look up some definition of CIRT so that in can be easily understand. â€Å"CIRT is a carefully selected and well-trained group of people whose purpose is to promptly and correctly handle an incident so that it can be quickly contained, investigated, and recovered from. It is usually comprised of members from within the company. They must be people that can drop what they’re doing (or re-delegate their duties) and have the authority to make decisions and take actions.†i Support Members: This group of members consists of from various department of the organization .They are Firewall administrator, LAN administrator, Help Desk, Database administrator and Network operation centre . Roles and responsibilities: B Concepts Core Group members have main responsibility for maintain the entire system of the organization from computer security incidents. They work in synchronous with support group so that the goal and objectives of the CIRT can be fulfilled. Below is the roles and responsibility of the various groups, member listed. Core Members: This is the main group of the CIRT which is responsible for handling any types of computer security incidents (events) that may occur in the organization. Each member has some fix role and responsibility that are. CIRT Co-ordinator- Co-ordinator of the CIRT is responsible for all the incidents that can effects the organization. Co-ordinator looks after the things such as policy, standard, another are followed properly or not in the organization. CIRT Co-ordinator works in synchronous with Core members and Support members and led the team. Senior Level Computer Analyst-This group of members are

Cultural evolution Essay Example for Free

Cultural evolution Essay In his article â€Å"Where Do Social Relations Come From? †, Michael Grossetti discusses the ways that human relationships are studied by sociologists, citing that often the methodology begins by starting with the relationship ad working backward to define it (Grossetti,p. 289). The most lasting relationships are the ones that come from organizations, he concludes, especially those related to family and friends. When we related this conclusion back to cultural evolution theory, we can argue that the lasting relationships of this generation because at this point in time most relationships are forged out of organizations or via our families. However, we can clearly argue that once this may not have been true as people had longer term relationships with people in their neighborhoods and those with whom they had a physical proximity. Grossetti argues that neighborhoods do not provide a basis for lasting relationships as they do not necessarily share life values or interests which draw people together (p. 292). When discussing this assertion in relation to cultural evolution, we can argue that in the recent past, neighborhoods did share a commonality that is now missing – immigrants would tend to settle in neighborhoods, neighborhoods would be divided by racial or religious lines, or at the most tangential neighborhoods would be reflective of a certain socio-economic status. Now, according to Grossetti’s study, relationships have evolved to the point that people develop relationships based primarily on organizations which they belong to –church groups, work groups, or interest organizations. When this is combined with the use of social networks, it can be observed that people are then creating a new means to segregate themselves via their interests. People have developed a new means to identify people with like interests and create new association groups. The interesting aspect of this evolving form of meeting may be that it creates relationships among people who in previous generations may never even have met. Because social networking allows people with common interests to meet without the traditional introduction of a mutual friend, they may completely change the way relationship develop in the future, dovetailing nicely with the theory of cultural evolution.

Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane

Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in Hurricane Hits England and Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan In this essay I aim to compare the two poems Compare how Nichols and Alvi explore the issue of identity in â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† In this essay I aim to compare the two poems â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† by Grace Nichols and â€Å"Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan† by Moniza Alvi. I aim to analyse the language and structure shape of different meanings, also to see what acts as a trigger in the two poems and finally to compare the issues rose about culture. Both of the poets feelings about their culture are triggered by something, which makes them think about how they feel. Alvi uses the presents to act as a trigger, which makes her realise, she isn’t as happy as what she could be. When she describes herself as †Staring through the fretwork,† she shows that she feels torn between the two cultures. She also feels that she is stuck within the English culture but wants to widen her knowledge to the Pakistani culture and maybe even switch her culture. Another meaning to when she says this, is she doesn’t feel the fretwork is only iron but the English culture is there stopping her and not the iron frame. Or it could even be herself that is stopping her because she is afraid of not fitting in since she has changed so much. In comparison, Nichols uses the hurricane to act as her trigger, however, it doesn’t have the same effect on her as it did on Alvi. When Nichols says â€Å"It took a hurricane to bring her closer to the landscape,† she is talking about herself. When she says this, she means that ever since she moved to England, she has felt that he... ...ow the traditions as well. The quotes show that the Pakistani culture follows a tradition of wearing a salwar kameez, whereas the English culture follows a tradition of â€Å"quick and easy beds†. She uses this as a contrast between the two cultures to make them apart. Throughout the poem Alvi explores the different cultures and there meanings. Nichols refers to the cultures in different ways. When she writes, †Talk to me Huracon†¦Oya†¦Shango,† she is directly addressing them and talks to them as if they were her family. I personally think that each of these poems has its own unique qualities, however my personal favourite is Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan. I like this poem because Moniza Alvi manages to express her feelings in a way that I have never been able to and also because she can explore the way she feels by choosing different things to compare.

The Human Impacts of Tectonic Landforms and Hazards

Even today there are people who do not understand why or where tectonic activity takes place. Tectonic activity does not only take place at plate boundaries – intra-plate earthquakes, e.g. Bam, Iran. This leads people to think it won’t happen to them. The developing world has fewer resources or expertise to study the natural environment (or human environment) – methods to identify areas at risk may not exist (e.g. poorer levels of education), especially if the area is not very active. Read this Ch. 22 Respiratory System Pompeii – a classic case of ignorance to disaster. The lack of an eruption in ‘living memory’ led many to believe that Vesuvius was dormant. In 79AD there was no expectation of an eruption – people were caught completely unaware. At the time, the science was not understood – many believed the eruption, and preceding earth tremors were the gods’ anger. Choice: Some people know the risks, but lack financial resources, or have close links to family in the area, and are therefore unable/unwilling to move. Other choose to stay, as the benefits outweigh the costs, e.g. Southern California – well paid jobs and a pleasant climate outweigh concerns over earthquake risk. The benefits of tectonically active areas: Minerals and natural resources – volcanoes bring valuable resources to the surface of the earth, e.g. Diamonds, copper, gold. Seafloor volcanoes contribute to the accumulation of metals, e.g. zinc, lead – mining industries. Fertile soils – volcanic material breaks down through weathering to provide nutrients (minerals) for plant growth. Geothermal energy. Tourism and associated employment, e.g. hotels, transport, tour guides. Heat and pressure turn organic matter into deposits of oil and gas. Impacts on people and possessions: The severity of the impacts depends on physical factors (e.g. event profiles, geology, terrain) and human factors (e.g. population density). Physical impacts on people: Damage/destruction of property and infrastructure. Volcanoes – luckily  ¾ of erupted lava is from underwater volcanoes, much of it along ocean ridges, so the impact is minor. The greatest risk is at destructive plate margins. Most active volcanoes are found in the developing world, e.g. Latin america, the Caribbean, parts of Asia and the south-west Pacific. Increased urbanisation and population growth concentrates people and infrastructure. Earthquakes – the worst earthquakes are not necessarily those with the largest magnitude. The worst impacts are felt in densely populated areas and areas with high vulnerability. Economic impacts on people: These can be direct or indirect. Often greater in developed countries than developing countries. Direct impacts include capital goods and equipment destroyed. They can occur immediately, or later as a result of follow-on damage or deterioration. Indirect impacts occur as a result of interruption to commercial systems, lost wages, and lost opportunities to do business. Macroeconomic impacts are felt across the whole economy of the community, region, or in the worst case the whole nation. The Northridge earthquake (California, 1994) – 60 deaths but US$30 billion in economic impact, as it hit dense infrastructure in the San Fernando Valley. Social impacts on people: Human life is irreplaceable. Volcanoes – most impact on human life is due to pyroclastic flows or lahars (e.g. Nevado del Ruiz). Earthquakes – tsunamis are particularly terrifying. The 1883 Krakatau eruption triggered tsunamis that killed 36 000 and destroyed 165 coastal villages. The impact on human life is usually greater from earthquakes than from volcanic eruptions. Primary casualties – those killed/injured directly by the event. Usually greater in developing countries than developed. Secondary casualties – those that survive the event itself but die/are injured due to insufficient resources or lack of medical care. Again, usually greater in developing countries than developed. Tertiary casualties – those with pre-existing medical conditions that are aggravated by the event. Includes those who become ill/die. For example, through disease contracted in the post-disaster environment. In developing countries, these are often the largest group of casualties. Poverty reduces the capacity to reduce the impacts, or to recover. Environmental degradation reduces natural impact buffers, e.g. mangrove removal (Indian Ocean, 2004), and therefore contributes to delaying recovery time. Note: to more accurately compare the impacts in developed and developing countries, it is better to use damage cost as a % of GDP, as developed countries have more infrastructure, etc., to be damaged. The absolute costs may be lower in a developing country, but the relative costs (as a % of GDP) are likely to be much higher.

Homosexuality in America

Despite the United States progress toward homosexual liberation in the past few years, anti-gay and lesbian attitudes are still showing their ugly faces. Violence towards homosexuals is on the rise, conversion groups are popping up everywhere, conflict over homosexuality innateness is high, religious and personal discrimination is rampant: all this in a time when more and more gays and lesbians are coming out and their coming out at younger ages. It is a time in America when we need to support the homosexual community. Jamie Nabozny, now an openly gay man, was a troubled teenager who ttempted suicide three times and had frequently stayed in psychiatric wards. In high school he was tortured with emotional and physical violence from his peers. On one occasion in his freshmen year, two boys attacked him in the bathroom. He fell into the urinal and the boys proceeded to urinate on him. I just remember sitting there, waiting for it to get over with, recalled Nabozny (Jerome, 1). The school did nothing to prevent the harassment. Later, in his junior year, he was beaten so severely that he had to undergo exploratory abdominal surgery. Nabozny decided to sue the school district. The case was thrown out, but when he appealed to the federal courts, they decided a school could be sued for not preventing harassment. The district settled out of court, paying Nabozny $900,000 (Jerome, 5). Willi Wagner, a gay teenager who came out in ninth grade, was also harassed. Most of the time the abuse was verbal, and he was always ready with a comeback. Theyd call me a faggot and Id call them a hick, Wagner said. However, things did become violent. When Wagner and some friends were walking down the street, two vehicles stopped beside them and eight boys jumped out. Five of the boys formed a circle around Wagner, while the others beat him, leaving him with two black eyes, a broken nose and many bruises. I could feel my nose crack. It wasnt a good feeling, Wagner said of the incident. Two of the boys were put on probation for the incident; not near enough punishment for the crime (Jerome, 3). Incidents like these are quite common. In fact, one study showed that while the overall crime rate decreased four percent, anti-gay crimes rose seven percent (Peyser, 1). Another study, conducted by the Massachusetts Department of Education, found that, for homosexuals, the igh school years are filled with abuse, some of it self-inflicted. Gay and lesbian teenagers are five times more likely to use cocaine or skip school out of fear for safety than straight kids. Over thirty six percent of homosexual teens will attempt suicide each year (Jerome, 1). Conversion groups, usually run by religious denominations, are becoming more widespread. The goal of these groups is to convert homosexuals into heterosexuals, and in the meantime save them from the pits of hell. Conversion groups thrive on the idea that homosexuality is a choice, something about a person that can be changed. Some programs include butching up the men and feminizing the women. This is done by taking the males to sporting events and having make-up or shopping parties for females, or by pairing them with heterosexual mentors to show them the way to act. Others have gays and lesbians imagine members of the same sex as diseased, or perform exorcisms.. These programs say they have about a one-third success rate, success being when a homosexual is cured, that is when he or she no longer acts on urges (Schoofs, 2). Often, however, these therapies end up doing more harm than good, as hey did for Jeffrey Coates. He had been raised to believe that gay men go to hell. So after his first sexual experience with a man, Coates joined a twenty week conversion program called Desert Stream. He was recognized for making excellent progress in his group, even though he admitted that he felt absolutely no different inside.. He continued to try to become heterosexual until he finally decided suicide was less of a sin than same-sex relationships. He drank heavily one night and drove home on a narrow road, hoping to drive into the canyon. Fortunately, he made it home alive (Schoofs, 1). Now Coates is comfortable with his sexuality and does not regret his conversion experience merely because it helped him come to terms with himself. Another man, Brandon Bauer, could not be accepted as gay by his Mormon peers. He attempted suicide at age seventeen, and soon after, he was admitted into therapy under a Mormon psychologist. He told Bauer that he was under Satans influence, that Satan was making him believe that he could not change. Bauers parents were instructed to remove all magazines that might contain male underwear models and to time his showers to prevent im from masturbating. He was told that God could forgive a murderer, but He could never forgive a homosexual. It haunts me to this day, he said. Bauer began to live a double life, one as a heterosexual with kids and a wife, and another as a homosexual who drinks and has sex. Despite the fact that he now accepts his sexuality, he admits that conversion therapy has permanently scarred him (Schoofs, 3). Many people wonder if these therapies actually work. This issue was addressed by Ariel Shidlo and Michael Schroeder, two New York psychologists. In their study, they found that five out of one hundred and fifty people tested are happy with their conversion, but each of these people still have homosexual urges (Miller, 2). It may be concluded that homosexuals are not cured but merely suppressing their feelings. Often, as in the case of Kelly Kirby, the attendees end up meeting their future partners at the conversion meetings (Schoofs, 4). These ministries actually act as a transition place for many people to come out and accept their gayness, says Jeffrey Coates (Schoofs, 5). The gay curing movement is spreading because of actions like the Christian Coalition and the Family Research Councils joint effort in launching a $200,000 ad campaign. The full-page ads feature photographs of ex-gays, talk about the physical and spiritual consequences of sin and offer the solution of conversion therapy. This kinder, gentler homophobia was the brainchild of Janet Folger, who on Nightline, confessed to supporting laws that criminalize homosexual sex, proving to some the true anti-gay hate behind the facade of Christian love (Schoofs, 1). In a study administered by Gallup, only thirteen percent of Americans onsidered homosexuality as innate in 1977. By 1996, that number had climbed to thirty one percent. The study also found that Americans are twice as likely to accept homosexuality if they believe it was not a choice (Schoofs, 2). So, is it a choice Scientific evidence says no. The evidence we now have strongly suggests that this is determined. Its not purely genetic, but there doesnt seem to be any choice in the matter. One thing that is clear is that the brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals appear to be different. Studies suggest that homosexuals in many cases developed neurologically in a ay that made them more likely to become homosexual, reported University of Massachusetts (Amherst) professor of neuroscience Geert J. De Vries (Jerome, 2). More simply put, Ask some straight guy to imagine what it would be like if he was told, You cant love women and now youre going to have to love a guy. Tell em that, and then they get it, says Dave Lemon, a man who tried for years to become heterosexual (Schoofs, 2). If it were a choice, why would someone choose it Despite improvements in openness, such as the public coming out of Ellen Degeneres, many still say homosexuality is wrong. They might point to anatomy. Our bodies are not made for homosexual sex, says Michael Johnston, president of the Kerusso Ministry, The anus was not to be penetrated (Schoofs, 3). What most people dont seem to realize is that many heterosexuals practice anal sex, and that many gay men (not to mention lesbians) never do. Joseph Nicolosi, cofounder of NARTH, a secular psychological organization, said, I think the penis was made for a vagina: I dont think it was made for another mans rectum. When Nicolosi was asked if the penis was made for the hand or the mouth, other body arts where the penis is often found, he answered sharply, I dont want to get into that (Schoofs, 4). Some insist it is morally wrong or they point to the Bible, taking the Scripture literally, and say it is a sin. Many believe marriage and relationships are to be between a man and a woman. Some Americans are concerned that the homosexual community will encourage their children to be gay or lesbian. The Boy Scouts recently fought to ban gay scoutmasters. Scout spokesman Gregg Sheilds said, A homosexual is not a role model for traditional family values (Peyser, 2). As for the religious iscrimination, The gay and lesbian community is still the community you can blatantly attack and then hide behind the Bible, said Rebecca Isaacs, political director of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (Revival of Hatred, 1). America is currently in a period of backward thinking, the one step back after our two steps forward. Tolerance is the only way the United States can become united at all. We must overcome our differences, end discrimination and join this fight together. No one deserves to be mistreated as homosexuals are today. Remember that all men were created equal- even gay men.

Andersonville Prison essays

Andersonville Prison essays Perhaps the most famous prison in United States military history, Andersonville Prison, or Camp Sumter as it was officially known, was the largest of several military prisons established during the Civil War. In November of 1963, a Confederate captain was sent to assess the possibility of building a prison for captured Union soldiers in the small village of Andersonville, Georgia. Its close proximity to the Southwestern Railroad, the abundance of freshwater, and its deep-south location made Andersonville an ideal Confederate prison location. Andersonville was therefore chosen as the site for a prison that would later become infamous for the thousands of prisoners that would die there before the end of the war. Construction of the 16.4 acre camp began in January of 1864. The first prisoners arrived on February 25, while the stockade was still under construction. Designed to hold 10,000 prisoners, the prison was soon overcrowded, holding 22,000 by June. Although the prison was enlarged in June to 26.5 acres, the number of prisoners continued to swell. By August 1864, more than 33,000 prisoners were confined in Andersonville. Bad sanitary conditions, crowding, lack of cooking facilities, poor food and exposure soon produced respiratory diseases, influenza and scurvy. Without drugs, the inadequate medical staff could not cope with the situation. More than 45,000 Union soldiers were sent to Andersonville during the 14 months the prison was in operation. Of these, 12,912 died from disease, malnutrition and/or exposure. Former prisoners blamed Capt. Henry Wirz, commander of the interior of the prison, for the suffering. As a result, Wirz was tried in August of 1865 after the Confederate surrender, on charges of murder and conspiring with Jefferson Davis (the Confederate leader) to murder. He was found guilty by a military commission, and hanged on November 10th, 1865. ...

Travels In Alaska essays

Travels In Alaska essays Travels in Alaska takes readers on a trip to Alaska through the vivid descriptions of the author, John Muir. The book is based on journals Muir wrote during his visits to Alaska in 1879, 1880, and 1890. These chronicles of his journey relate his observations of nature, glaciers, and the many people he met. Traveling on foot, by canoe, and dogsled Muir experienced excitement discovering unfamiliar types of lands and animals. Each summer Muir and his new found Presbyterian missionary friend S. Hall Young accompanied by Tlingit Indian guides launched extensive voyages of discovery in a thirty foot canoe. John Muir was a naturalists who loved to go to wild places and experience the wonders of nature. Chapter One of Travels In Alaska is inspired by the beautiful scenery Muir writes in his boat in route to Puget Sound. He describes the scenery, weather, and hospitality shown to him by the individuals he met during his journey through the Alexander Archipelago to Fort Wrangell and Sitka. Also, a man named Mr. Vanderbilt offered John a room and a place at his table. The Vanderbilt family occupied the best house in the fort and this is where he found a real home; with the chance to go on all sorts of excursions as opportunity offered. Muir's steamer goes first to Sitka, then on to Wrangell. The Klondike gold rush was yet to begin, but John heard of twenty-eight miners who had just gone from Sitka into the Yukon to prospect. The next summer he came across and interviewed a number of the original twenty-eight miners in S.E. Alaska in Sum Dum Bay. While in Wrangell Muir was adopted by the Stickeen tribe, and given an Indian name (Ancoutahan) that means adopted chief. Being adopted by the Stickeens was a excellent safeguard while John was on his travels among the different tribes of the archipelago. No one belonging to the other tribes would attack him, knowing that the Stickeens would hold them accountable. Muir also de...

The European Overseas Empires - Overview

The European Overseas Empires - Overview Europe is a relatively small continent, especially compared to Asia or Africa, but during the last five hundred years, European countries have controlled a huge part of the world, including almost all of Africa and the Americas. The nature of this control varied, from the benign to the genocidal, and the reasons also differed, from country to country, from era to era, from simple greed to ideologies of racial and moral superiority such as The White Mans Burden. They are almost gone now, swept away in a political and moral awakening over the last century, but the after-effects spark a different news story almost every week. A Desire to Find New Trade Routes Inspired Exploration There are two approaches to the study of the European Empires. The first is straightforward history: what happened, who did it, why they did it, and what effect this had, a narrative and analysis of politics, economics, culture, and society. The overseas empires began to form in the fifteenth century. Developments in shipbuilding and navigation, which allowed sailors to travel across the open seas with much greater success, coupled with advances in maths, astronomy, cartography, and printing, all of which allowed better knowledge to be more widely spread, gave Europe the potential to extend over the world. Pressure on land from the encroaching Ottoman Empire and a desire to find new trade routes through to the well-known Asian markets- the old routes being dominated by Ottomans and Venetians- gave Europe the push- that and the human desire to explore. Some sailors tried going around the bottom of Africa and up past India, others tried going across the Atlantic. Indeed, the vast majority of sailors who made western voyages of discovery were actually after alternative routes to Asia- the new American continent in between was something of a surprise. Colonialism and Imperialism If the first approach is the sort you will encounter mainly in history textbooks, the second is something youll encounter on the television and in the newspapers: the study of colonialism, imperialism, and the debate over the effects of empire. As with most isms, there is still an argument over exactly what we mean by the terms. Do we mean them to describe what the European nations did? Do we mean them to describe a political idea, which we will compare to Europes actions? Are we using them as retroactive terms, or did people at the time recognize them and act accordingly? This is just scratching the surface of the debate over imperialism, a term thrown around regularly by modern political blogs and commentators. Running alongside this is the judgmental analysis of the European Empires. The last decade has seen the established view- that the Empires were undemocratic, racist and thus bad- challenged by a new group of analysts who argue that the Empires actually did a lot of good. The democratic success of America, albeit achieved without much help from England, is frequently mentioned, as are the ethnic conflicts in African nations created by Europeans drawing straight lines on maps. Three Phases of Expansion There are three general phases in the history of Europes colonial expansion, all including wars of ownership between the Europeans and indigenous people, as well as between the Europeans themselves. The first age, which began in the fifteenth century and carried on into the nineteenth, is characterized by the conquest, settlement, and loss of America, the south of which was almost entirely divided between Spain and Portugal, and the north of which was dominated by France and England. However, England won wars against the French and Dutch before losing to their old colonists, who formed the United States; England retained only Canada. In the south, similar conflicts occurred, with the European nations being almost thrown out by the 1820s. During the same  period,  European nations also gained influence in Africa, India, Asia, and Australasia (England  colonized  the whole of Australia), especially the many islands and landmasses along the trading routes. This influence only increased during the nineteenth and early twentieth century, when  Britain, in particular, conquered India. However, this second phase is  characterized by the New Imperialism, a renewed interest and desire for overseas land felt by many European nations which prompted The Scramble for Africa, a race by many European countries to carve up the entirety of Africa between themselves. By 1914, only Liberia and  Abysinnia  remained independent. In 1914, the First World War began, a conflict partly motivated by imperial ambition. The consequent changes  in  Europe and the world eroded many beliefs in Imperialism, a trend enhanced by the Second World War. After 1914, the history of the European Empires- a third phase- is one of gradual  decolonization  and independence, with the vast majority of empires ceasing to exist. Given that European colonialism/imperialism affected the whole world, it is common to discuss some of the other rapidly expanding nations of the period as a comparison, in  particular, the United States and their ideology of manifest destiny. Two older empires are sometimes considered: the Asian part of Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The Early Imperial Nations England, France, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, and the Netherlands. The Later Imperial Nations England, France, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands.

American Poetry Interpretation Paper Research Proposal

American Poetry Interpretation Paper - Research Proposal Example It is quite intriguing to know that the speaker in this poem questions through several inquisitive remarks the need for building walls to his laconic neighbor, but at the same time the speaker takes the initiative every year to let his neighbor know about the wall-building task. Besides that, the speaker also repairs the walls that have been destroyed by the hunters. It is also shocking the way the seemingly peaceful neighbor is described by the speaker 'like an old-stone savage armed' (1914). John C. Kemp explains the irony in this poem as follows: 'Ironically (and there is much irony in this poem), although the speaker complains about his neighbor's unfriendliness, his own susceptibility to subjective vision and his willingness to let his imagination run away with him predispose him also to prejudicial attitudes.' (Kemp, 1979, in Modern American Poetry, 2002a). It is obvious that "Mending Wall" is concerned with the state of incommunication between the neighbors (Montiero, 1988, in Modern American Poetry, 2002a), but a central theme of this poem is related to the critical spirit of the speaker that echoes some kind of influence from authors like Emerson and Thoreau. Analyzing the speaker's attitude towards his neighbor, Racher Hadas makes the following assertations: 'What he objects to is not so much the sentiment itself as the unwillingness or inability of the other to think for himself, to "go beyond his father's saying."' (Hadas, 1976, in Modern American Poetry, 2002a). Furthermore, the use of irony, ambiguity, and critical thinking in Frost's poetry can be understood from his remarks in the essay "Education by Poetry" as follows: 'Poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another. People say, "Why don't you say what you mean" We never do that, we being all of us too much poets. We like to talk in parables and in hints and indirections--whether from diffidence or some other instinct.' (Frost quoted by Raab, 1996, in Modern American Poetry, 2002a). On the other hand, in "The Road Not Taken" there is a subtle irony hidden through some ambigous lines that many readers fail to understand in their right dimension. The speaker had been faced with the challenge of choosing between two paths that in essence are equivalent ('...Then took the other, as just as fair...', '...really about the same...', '...equally lay / In leaves no step had trodden black...' (Frost, 1916)). The final stanza can be interpreted with a deeper meaning that the one that lies in the surface as Jay Parini points out: 'My guess is that Frost, the wily ironist, is saying something like this: "When I am old, like all old men, I shall make a myth of my life. I shall pretend, as we all do, that I took the less traveled road. But I shall be lying."' (Parini, 1988, in Modern American Poetry, 2002c). Indeed, the speaker chose the "road less traveled" but this doesn't mean that it was in fact the best decision in the long run (Richardson, 1997, in Modern American Poetry, 2002c). For Robert Faggen, the hidden implications of this poem can be found in the fact that 'It parodies and demurs from the biblical idea

The sale of Gatwick Airport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The sale of Gatwick Airport - Case Study Example Gatwick Airport, the second largest airport in the United Kingdom, has been offered for sale by BAA, its owner following a move by the competition commission to push the Company to dispose three of its British airports due to dominance concerns of the Airline business market. Gatwick, being the country's second biggest airport, acts as a major component of the national infrastructure as well as a significant constituent of the British aviation industry. There have been misgivings through out the country's economic sector with many feeling that the airport has been flogged off with less attention to the bigger social effects.According to BBC NEWS (2008), the competition committee, which is charged with the job of ensuring and regulation the operations of airports in UK ruled that the BAA had no option but to give away three of the company's airports based in the UK to create more competition in the sector. It insisted that the organization have to sell two of the South East airports w hich comprises of Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted. Regarding this, BAA which is possessed by Spanish company Ferrovial ruled out the sell of Heathrow and Stansted thus leaving Gatwick airport for bidding. Other airports ran by the BAA includes Glasgow, Edinburgh and Scotland based Aberdeen as well as southern England based Southampton. The competition commission has been trying to make to an end the monopolistic control on airport operations to install quality of the services offered in order to provide its clients with efficiency. As a result of this, different companies have indicated their interest in purchasing the airport that has been estimated to have a value of around $ 1.8 billion as per regulators although the price for the airport is likely to be set by the current market circumstances.. Some of the major companies who have indicated there interest in Gatwick include Manchester Airports Group Plc (MAG), Global Infrastructure partners and Lysander Gatwick Investment. Since early 1970s , the control of Gatwick, Heathrow and Stansted airports has been under BAA which the competition commission blames for the insufficient competition between south-east English airports and the central Scotland based ones. As per BBC NEWS(2008), this monopoly control has resulted to low levels of service provision to passengers and airline companies and as well lower the incentives for more chances of improvement. BAA has been blamed for slow implementation of new route development plans at several airports as well as being sluggish in venturing into fresh terminals and creating more runways. This situation has been contrasted with other airports such as London city and Manchester airports which have been in the front line in implementing these changes. They have been trying to expand the facilities and services and lowering charges as well as being more responsive to the special needs of the customers. . Major Airport Operators in UK and Europe Manchester Airports Group Plc (MAG) It is the second biggest airport operator in the country and runs Manchester Airport, the third largest airport in the United Kingdom, presently handling 20 million freight passengers annually and having flights to more than 180 destinations globally with over 90 airlines. Other airports ran by the operator includes Nottingham East Midlands airport, Humberside airport and Bournemouth airport. The company also runs Borealis Capital Corporation and Manchester Pension Fund. Global Infrastructure partners Is an organization that possesses London City Airport. It has a brand value of $5.64 billion fund. It is run by professional investment executives' partners who experience direct investment to the fund. London City airport is the leading commercial airport in UK. It has ten airlines operating 32 destinations all over UK and the rest of Europe. It also connects to the rest

In the news Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

In the news - Essay Example The whole scene was set up like a real time support system. The funny scenes were created as an effort to provide people a comic relief, as well as to market its low budget medicines directed to provide relief for single ailments, such as head-ache, insomnia, body ache etc. The scenes included a high-heel wearing model walking on a tread-mill to market for its â€Å"Help I have a blister† packet of bandages, and a performer sleeping in a store window to divert interest towards its â€Å"Help I can’t sleep† caplets (Olsen pgB3).The store team not only imparted information to passers by regarding ailments, but also distributed its head-ache packets and nausea medicine to polling stations and campaign offices. Their marketing style may seem comical and wacky, but the store founders claim to have conveyed a serious message. I have understood from my marketing insight that they have tried to simplify the buying process for the customers, who often seem confused by the varying brands and products on offer. People end up buying more than they need, due to excessive marketing campaigns, this simplified strategy of low dosages for single ailments not a host of ailments, made people realize what they aim to buy for lesser prices. Marketing should be done for people who are not experts, but still customers, who want simple solutions for complex problems, with creativity and fun all rolled into one. This campaign carved a niche for itself in the already crowded pharmaceutical market; it included viral videos, performance windows and tactile packaging to make the message clear, direct and on-the-spot (Olsen pgB3). Olsen, Elizabeth. "Attacking Ailments With Small Doses."New York Times  [Washington.] 09 11 2012, New York Edition pgB3. Print.

IT strategy-memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT strategy-memo - Essay Example The current functioning of the firm delays the access to vital information for efficient decision making vis-Ã  -vis various managerial decision making. There is lack of effective communication amongst the various branches and departments which increases the overhead costs considerably and delays in the various production processes like new designs for furniture, cutting etc. that can be expedited through new technology. The diverse units of FYC need to be linked through effective system that would facilitate sharing of information within the departments and within the branches. Information provides wide ranging knowledge about the existing and emerging models of the business world which may have considerable impact on the organizational performance outcomes. An effective information system development is essential so as to manipulate strategic business information for improving the overall business prospects. The information technology and information system development help to exploit information and has been evolved to encompass various spheres of the business including administration, management, productions, accounts and other areas which are intrinsically linked to produce the desired outcome of efficiency, quality and profits. Use of technology vis-Ã  -vis production would facilitate higher level of efficiency and organizational growth which would offset a competitive advantage over their rivals. Production department is one of the most vital units of FYC and technology would greatly boost its various processes like creative design, cutting and mass production of furniture. Computer added designing or CAD software packages are important technology based tools that facilitate innovative designing of furniture and accessories and promote customization to gain leverage against competition. Thus, collation of information, using integrated approach to the IT and ISD has become intrinsic part of competitive

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Executive summary - Assignment Example Gripper company roadmap starts with our specific mission, which is lasting. It declares our purpose as an organization and serves as the standard against which we assess our decisions and actions. Our mission is to improve safety in the world; to inspire optimism and happy moments and to create a value and make the difference. Our core objectives are to increase sales over the next two years, to improve our gross margin over the current line of product and maintain the level, to meet the market demand at a high gross margin. Our near and long term goals is the Growth of our company with the development of new and quality products, moving our operations to many countries, selling products at a cheap price and producing quality products over our rivals. Gripper Company is a regional company that sells its products on wholesale to its retail customers. The percentage of our gross margin is above average with many customers coming from within the country. The company hopes to become an international company within two years. It is an anti-slip treatment that is proven to make wet floors slip resistant. It brings about non-slip tile floors, bathtubs, or non-slippery shower floors in minutes. It prevents slip-fall accidents in bathrooms, kitchens, workplaces hotels or anywhere with a slippery tile floor (Pinson and Linda

Business Law #1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law #1 - Case Study Example The California Supreme Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals dismissed the charges against the respondents on the authority of People v Krivade that was decided by the California Supreme Court. In the said case, the California Supreme Court held that warrantless trash searches violate the Fourth Amendment and the California Constitution. The State law of California provides that Californians have the right to privacy in their garbage and cannot be inspected without warrant. The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari and reversed the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals. It concluded in accordance with the vast majority of lower courts that have addressed the issue that the Fourth Amendment does not prohibit warrantless search and seizure of garbage left for collection outside the curtilage of a home. The U.S. Supreme Court based its decision on a number of similar cases that were already decided. It said that the warrantless seizure of garbage bags left at the curb outside the Greenwood house would violate the Fourth Amendment only if respondents manifested a subjective expectation of privacy in their garbage that society accepts as objectively reasonable. What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment provisions. The U.S.

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Executive summary - Assignment Example Gripper company roadmap starts with our specific mission, which is lasting. It declares our purpose as an organization and serves as the standard against which we assess our decisions and actions. Our mission is to improve safety in the world; to inspire optimism and happy moments and to create a value and make the difference. Our core objectives are to increase sales over the next two years, to improve our gross margin over the current line of product and maintain the level, to meet the market demand at a high gross margin. Our near and long term goals is the Growth of our company with the development of new and quality products, moving our operations to many countries, selling products at a cheap price and producing quality products over our rivals. Gripper Company is a regional company that sells its products on wholesale to its retail customers. The percentage of our gross margin is above average with many customers coming from within the country. The company hopes to become an international company within two years. It is an anti-slip treatment that is proven to make wet floors slip resistant. It brings about non-slip tile floors, bathtubs, or non-slippery shower floors in minutes. It prevents slip-fall accidents in bathrooms, kitchens, workplaces hotels or anywhere with a slippery tile floor (Pinson and Linda

Human relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human relations - Essay Example A strike (or industrial action less than a full stoppage of work) will be in breach of the contract of employment for two reasons. Firstly, the striker is failing to perform the contractual obligations to work and to obey lawful instructions. Secondly, by seeking to 2 cause disruption to the employer’s business, the striker is breaching the â€Å"implied term to serve the employer faithfully within the requirements of the contract†.It is to be noted that the taking of strike action is a breach of the employee’s contract of employment, even where all the obligations imposed on the trade unions by Part V of The Trade Union and Labor Relations (consolidation) Act 1992 have been fulfilled. Not only is a strike in breach of the worker’s contract of employment, we find that the breach is far reaching as we see in Secretary of State v. Aslef ICR 19, the inevitable breach of the duty of faithful services, that virtually all other forms of industrial action will br each the contract of employment, or refusing to carryout some aspects only of contractual duties. Such as in work slow downs. Further in Miles v. Wakefield MDC [1989] ICR 368 at 389, Lord Templeman states: â€Å"Any form of industrial action by a worker is a breach of contract which entitles an employer at common law to dismiss the worker. Also we find in Wiluszynski v. Tower Hamlets IBC [1989] IRLR 259, that in the event of an industrial action, the employer can also refuse to pay wages. Further in NCB v. Galley WLR 16, we find in the event of industrial action the employer can sue for damages. ... (Gibson LJ) It is to be noted that the taking of strike action is a breach of the employee's contract of employment, even where all the obligations imposed on the trade unions by Part V of The Trade Union and Labor Relations (consolidation) Act 1992 have beenfulfilled. Not only is a strike in breach of the worker's contract of employment, we find that the breach is far reaching as we see in Secretary of State v. Aslef (N0.2) [1979] ICR 19, the inevitable breach of the duty of faithful services, that virtually all other forms of industrial action will breach the contract of employment, or refusing to carryout some aspects only of contractual duties. Such as in work slow downs. Further in Miles v. Wakefield MDC [1989] ICR 368 at 389, Lord Templeman states: "Any form of industrial action by a worker is a breach of contract which entitles an employer at common law to dismiss the worker. Also we find in Wiluszynski v. Tower Hamlets IBC [1989] IRLR 259, that in the event of an industrial action, the employer can also refuse to pay wages. Further in NCB v. Galley [1958] WLR 16, we find in the event of industrial action the employer can sue for damages.Under current law in the UK, recognition is a matter of fact and not a legal status. There is no legal means by which the worker or the union can compel the employer to reach an agreement, and, in particular, no right on the part of the worker or the union to compel the employer to submit to arbitration. The employer can seek emergency interlocutory relief. This procedure does not

Why I Want to Transfer to John Hopkins University Essay Example for Free

Why I Want to Transfer to John Hopkins University Essay My personal goals coincide with that of John Hopkins University—the focus on research and advancement of scholars. This kind of focus is something akin to my own passions, my involvements, and my interests in pursuing science and research. In addition to this, the University is really keen in ensuring that its students and its research are doing excellently. I arrived at my decision to transfer to John Hopkins based on several things. I have come across the testimonies of friends, as well as other colleagues regarding the promotion of excellence at John Hopkins. I also wanted to know for sure and that is why I conducted a research regarding the legacy of John Hopkins. I am amazed at the diversity of points of view and excellence in scholarship at the University. The University has been at the forefronts of the development in health sciences. For me, such a University challenges its students to give their best in meeting the standards and needs of the university. In keeping with the high standards of the University, I was also drawn to the names currently serving as faculty of the John Hopkins and their capabilities and leadership in their fields add greater momentum to the edge of the University in the field. It is a challenging environment, surely, but such challenge is necessary for the University to produce top quality graduates and practitioners in various fields. As for me, I want to belong to an institution with a proven track record and excellence in training its training for service in the broader society. I foresee that my will, my skills, and my capabilities will be put to the test, but my dedication to my chosen field will see me through.

Power of One :: essays research papers

â€Å"Inclusion, not exclusion, is the key to survival.† What does this mean? To say the least, the definition is clearly stated in The Power of One. Initially, Peekay in The Power of One was isolated by members of his family, and as a result of that he was excluded by society because of his background. Ultimately, he was excluded within his own race because of his actions throughout this story. â€Å"One thing got to all of them more than everything else. They couldn’t make me cry.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peekay was isolated by his family and suffered through deaths and losses. Peekay’s father died early in his life and from there on out he had to learn to live with the idea of death. The next deaths came from Granpa Chook, his mother, and Nanny. Losses continued when Doc went back to Germany, and a camp guard killed Piet. Even when he picked up all his strength as a young man, his losses continued when Maria, his love, was also killed. It just kept on adding up, and Peekay kept taking blow by blow. â€Å"Don’t cry, Peekay. Sister’ll know I told you if you cry.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, Peekay suffered exclusion, and for him it wasn’t much different. He was English, and the Afrikaners in his society hated him. The English took over and governed their territory. â€Å"I was a rooinek and a pisskop. I spoke the wrong language. And now I was obviously made differently.† Therefore, Peekay was discriminated against because of his background. For example Peekay was even whipped while hanging upside down. It’s amazing that something such as that occurred. Lastly, Peekay went through exclusion because of the way he acted. Peekay was a friend to the blacks, which was very uncommon. He even started a Saturday school in which to teach blacks to read throughout their tribes.

The Two Worlds in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening :: Stopping Woods Snowy Evening

The Two Worlds in Stopping by Woods "Stopping by Woods" The visible sign of the poet's preoccupation is the recurrent image of dark woods and trees. The world of the woods, a world offering perfect quiet and solitude, exists side by side with the realization that there is also another world, a world of people and social obligations. Both worlds have claims on the poet. He stops by woods on this "darkest evening of the year" to watch them "fill up with snow," and lingers so long that his "little horse" shakes his harness bells "to ask if there is some mistake." The poet is put in mind of the "promises" he has to keep, of the miles he still must travel. We are not told, however, that the call of social responsibility proves stronger than the attraction of the woods, which are "lovely" as well as "dark and deep"; the poet and his horse have not moved on at the poem's end. The dichotomy of the poet's obligations both to the woods and to a world of "promises"--the latter filtering like a barely heard echo through the alm ost hypnotic state induced by the woods and falling snow-is what gives this poem its singular interest.... The artfulness of "Stopping by Woods" consists in the way the two worlds are established and balanced. The poet is aware that the woods by which he is stopping belong to someone in the village; they are owned by the world of men. But at the same time they are his, the poet's woods, too, by virtue of what they mean to him in terms of emotion and private signification. What appears to be "simple" is shown to be not really simple, what appears to be innocent not really innocent.... The poet is fascinated and lulled by the empty wastes of white and black. The repetition of "sleep" in the final two lines suggests that he may succumb to the influences that are at work. There is no reason to suppose that these influences are benignant. It is, after all, "the darkest evening of the year," and the poet is alone "between the woods and frozen lake.

Democracy in Colonial America

Colonial America was democratic. Documents, agreements and other representative actions are a proof of the establishment of a democracy in the colonies. England was not democratic, and the colonies purpose was to separate themselves as much as possible from the Crown and their undemocratic flu. They had freedom of press and religion and were getting accustomed to doing things their way. Documents such as the Maryland’s Act of Toleration, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and The Lady’s Laws are prove of the spirit of democracy coming to light.Oddly, pubs and taverns are an example of the origin of democracy. Since rich and poor people would be there daily, ideas would be shared and everyone was â€Å"forced† to listen to one another. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the closest document for political democracy in the 17th century. It is considered the first written constitution of Colonial America. It was formed by elected representatives, which made it a representative government. It stated that two assemblies should be held each year. They were set to discuss and make laws.It’s an example of a democratic document because if a governor neglected his duty, the voters were able to take over. This gave power to people, which literally translates to ‘democracy’. Another democratic feature of Colonial America was the Virginia’s House of Burgesses. It was the first representative legislative body in the colonies although only men who owned land could vote. It basically provided a voice in the government because you could also choose representatives. In their first meeting in a church at Jamestown, they agreed on the minimum price of sale in tobacco.They would also make and pass laws. Some of the best known Burgesses where: Patrick Henry, who introduced resolutions against the Stamp Act, Thomas Jefferson, who would later on write the Declaration of Independence and George Washington who became Americaâ€⠄¢s first president. Although America was considered to be democratic, undemocratic features could be observed. An example on how undemocratic America was back in the 17th Century is the Lady’s Laws. This book states limited legal rights of women. These rights were based on a woman’s marital status, race, class and religion.It set limitations for them. Some of which include losing property and wages when they get married and even losing the custody of their children when divorced. The rights also depended on which â€Å"type† of woman you were. Black women didn’t have rights, while Quaker woman had the same rights as a Quaker man. Indentured servants had the same rights as white women when their servitude ended. The fact that not every man was allowed to vote was also a undemocratic factor. This took away the power from the people and made Colonial America undemocratic.The document had certain requisites that everyone in a colony should accomplish in orde r to have this right. Only a free adult male and resident of the colony was able to vote. Some were even forced to own land in order to express themselves. Neither women, slaves or sometimes Jews were allowed to vote. This left only a 10% – 20% voters in each colony. As in every democracy, there will always be something pulling the entire definition â€Å"power to the people† down. This does not mean that because America had undemocratic actions, it made the colonies not democratic.These events just highlight that even though these actions were present, America somehow made it to be democratic The documents, agreements and other representative actions prove the establishment of a democracy in colonial America. other features like the taverns and pubs were also movements that brought up the spirit of a democracy that is still present today. Men and women from all races are equal and everyone has the right to press, religion, speech and association. By having this rights , anyone and everyone can achieve a democracy, like the one in colonial America.

Overpopulation in the Philippines Essay

It has been a politically perceived issue that there is over population in the Philippines. This issue has been constantly blamed for the aggravating poverty situation. One side is claiming that unbridled population increase is putting so much strain on the financial and food resources of the country that more and more Filipinos are no longer eating three square meals a day. Economic rating system is also stating a poor Filipino family is earning just below $1 per day. This certainly can hardly feed a family of 4 or more. On the other side, it is claimed that the cause of poverty is government corruption. They rightfully claim that while it’s true that the poor are constantly increasing, and that the income gap between them and the next economic level is likewise widening, financial resources that are intended to support the poor are being pocketed by corrupt government officials. Population is not the cause of poverty, corruption is, the Catholic Church claims. The government is keen on crafting remedies to curb population. Several laws have been passed to curb corruption. But since they lack heavy punitive measures, they became hardly effective. Corruption has already downgraded the country’s economic standing that adversely affected our capability to borrow money from credit or financial institutions, particularly the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. So the government resorted to drafting a bill that drew the ire of the conservative and the Catholic Church. Foremost is the reproductive health bill, which was authored by Senator Pia Cayetano and Congressman Edcel Lagman. The bill underwent rough sailing on the legislative seas. The President is set to sign the bill into law before 2012 ends. DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUE Reproductive health, or sexual health/hygiene, addresses the reproductive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. Reproductive health, therefore, implies that people are able to have a responsible, satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. One interpretation of this implies that men and women ought to be informed of and to have access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of birth control; also access to appropriate health care services of sexual, reproductive medicine and implementation of health education programs to stress the importance of women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth could provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant. On the other hand individuals do face inequalities in reproductive health services. Inequalities vary based on socioeconomic status, education level, age, ethnicity, religion, and resources available in their environment. It is possible for example, that low income individuals lack the resources for appropriate health services and the knowledge to know what is appropriate for maintaining reproductive health. As a personal opinion, reproductive health is also the ability of a couple – a man and a woman – to reproduce and raise children. It is a genetic process of increasing the number of the earth’s inhabitants which continuously work for their own sustenance or provide for their basic needs to survive – food, shelter, etc. But the disproportionate increase of population vis-à  -vis resources, the consequentially widening disparity between these two elements is putting strains on both the natural and financial resources. Science has undertaken remedies to increase food production and sustain natural resources. Sustainable development is employed. There are successes in several countries, especially in rich countries. But other countries, particularly the third world, where governments are  beleaguered by ineptitude and corruption have hardly taken off. The Philippines, for example, continue to lag behind in development and food production due to this problem. Over population, as the government and credit or financial institutions claim, is thus blamed as the cause of underdevelopment and poverty. Credit or financial institutions which provide loans to poor countries for development therefore advise poor countries to curb population or their resources shall be depleted and their ability to borrow money from them regulated or limited. In this light, third world or poor countries like the Philippines had to craft laws that they believe could solve the problem of over population. Thus enters the reproductive health law, other government policies intended to curb over population in the pipeline. The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10354), informally known as the RH Law, is a legislation in the Republic of the Philippines guaranteeing universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. While there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great debate on its key proposal that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as condoms, birth control pills (BCPs) and IUDs, as the government continues to disseminate information on their use through all health care centers. On October 2012, a revised version of the legislation was re-named the Responsible Parenthood Act and was filed in the House of Representatives as a result of re-introducing the bill under a different impression after overwhelming opposition in the country, especially from the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines. The law is highly divisive and controversial, with experts, academics, religious institutions, and major political figures supporting and opposing it, often criticizing the government and each other in the process. Debates and rallies proposing and opposing the bills, with tens of thousands of opposition particularly those endorsed by the bishops of the Roman Catholic Church and various other conservative groups, have  been happening nationwide. It has polarized the Filipino nation. PRESENTATION OF ALTERNATIVE VIEWS Differing opinions have emerged from various sectors and divided the people into the â€Å"pros† and â€Å"cons† – or those against and for the RH Law. The Catholic Church, whose doctrine of pro-life as understood from the bible, is firmly against the Reproductive Health bill; and position is absolute and uncompromising, said an official of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP). There is no way that the Church will soften its position against the controversial bill. It allegedly opposes the bill because of its anti-life provisions, or the contraceptive program it engenders. The Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP) also joined the Catholic Church’s voice in opposing the bill. These groups propose that the best form of birth regulation is self-discipline. Instead of allotting P2 billion from taxpayer’s money for the purchase of contraceptives, CEAP has urged lawmakers to use the money for education, livelihood and basic public services. The same position is shared by other groups and some conservative religious denominations which value life right at conception or the union of the woman’s egg cell and the man’s sperm cell. These â€Å"cons† reason that over population is not the problem, or that there is no over population. The purported over population stems from the fact that the government has failed to developed provinces or areas beyond the metropolitans areas. Metropolitan Manila and its suburban cities are booming while remote provinces are simply relying on primitive farming and minimally supported livelihood. In search of the needed fund to support livelihood in their home province, some people thus migrate to the cities to find work. Government has allocated some fund to sustain agriculture livelihood. Unfortunately, this is not sufficient to effect significant progress on farming system. Moreover, corrupt officials tasked to administer the fund  tend to pocket some of the funds. Faming infrastructures funded by local taxes and foreign donations are limited, thus unable to lift the struggling rural economy. The poor farmers have already been subservient to private lenders and banks. And their produce has only become fodder for loan sharks, who lend these farmers virtually everything they need including their food. In effect, they could hardly recover, to whom their produce would simply go as payment for their debts. To the pro-RH Bill, they claim that the reproductive health bill would allow greater access to modern contraceptives and sex education. It allegedly proposes more maternal health services, raising the number of midwives to one for every 150 deliveries. Contraceptives would also be funded for poor women and would be included in the standard supplies of medicine in hospitals. Modern family planning methods would be provided in all accredited health facilities. The bill, allegedly, will provide adequate funding to the population program. It is a departure from the present setup in which the provision for reproductive health services is devolved to local government units, and consequently, subjected to the varying strategies of local government executives and suffers from a dearth of funding. It will promote information on and access to both natural and modern family planning methods, which are medically safe and legally permissible. It assures an enabling environment where women and couples have the freedom of informed choice on the mode of family planning they want to adopt based on their needs, personal convictions and religious beliefs. It does not have any bias for or against either natural or modern family planning. It will also promote sustainable human development. Taken as a basis for the â€Å"pros† stand, the UN stated in 2002 that family planning and reproductive health are essential to reducing poverty. The UNICEF also asserts that family planning could bring more benefits to more people at less cost than any other single technology now available to the human race. According to this group, coverage of RH are the following: (1) Information and access to natural and modern family planning (2) Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition (3) Promotion of breast feeding (4)  Prevention of abortion and management of post-abortion complications (5) Adolescent and youth health (6) Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections, HIV/AIDS and STDs (7) Elimination of violence against women (8) Counseling on sexuality and sexual and reproductive health (9) Treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers (10) Male involvement and participation in RH; (11) Prevention and treatment of infertility and (12) RH education for the youth. The principal author of the RH Bill, Congressman Edcel Lagman of Albay, claims that the bill is not anti-life, totally discrediting the â€Å"cons† stand, but allegedly a pro-quality life. Allegedly, it will ensure that children will be blessings for their parents since their births are planned and wanted. Additionally, he stated that the bill will empower couples with the information and opportunity to plan and space their children. This will not only strengthen the family as a unit but also optimize care for children who will have more opportunities to be educated, healthy and productive. The Congressman further stated that the bill does not interfere with family life, but will enhance family life: The family is more than a natural nucleus; it is a social institution whose protection and development are impressed with public interest. It is not untouchable by legislation. For this reason, the State has enacted the Civil Code on family relations, the Family Code, and the Child and Youth Welfare Code. Further according to the Congressman, the bill does not legalize abortion: It expressly provides that abortion remains a crime and prevention of abortion is essential to fully implement. (To this, the Catholic Church countered that the Reproductive Health Bill as a precursor will eventually pave the way for more anti-life policies, like legalization of abortion and divorce, which are already in the pipeline). He used comparative reports or information to bolster his position. He stated that it is not true all countries where contraceptive use is promoted eventually legalize abortion. Many Catholic countries criminalize abortion even as they vigorously promote contraceptive use like Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Paraguay and Ireland. The Muslim and Buddhist countries of Indonesia and Laos also promote contraceptive use yet proscribe abortion. According to studies, correct and regular use of contraceptives reduces abortion rates by as much as 85 percent and negates the need to legalize  abortion. Furthermore, contraceptives, allegedly, do not have life-threatening side effects. Medical and scientific evidence shows that all the possible medical risks connected with contraceptives are infinitely lower than the risks of an actual pregnancy and everyday activities. The author also claims that the bill simply recognizes the verifiable link between a huge population and poverty. Unbridled population growth stunts socioeconomic development and aggravates poverty. The connection between population and development is well-documented and empirically established. However, in countries where population control is prevalent, there is now evidence that they are wanting of more able and young workforce. Japan for instance is having problem with its ageing workforce to sustain its preeminent economic standing. The country has practiced population control in order to create huge surplus of resources and production which they sell or trade abroad to infuse large income to its export-oriented economy. Sadly, the country is now experiencing workforce shortage. Population control has become detrimental to their economic progress. On the other hand, China, the world’s most populous nation, is now enjoying economic boom due to a huge supply of human resource. The country is able to provide cheap labor to industrial countries around the world with huge economic benefit. This could prove that over population is not completely the cause of poverty. Considering some demographic profiles, some provinces are more populated than others on a person per area basis. There is just disproportionate distribution of inhabitants. Metro Manila is over populated due to unregulated influx of rural people in search of menial or professional work. Work pay is the difference. While Metro Manila is offering wages which comply with lawful rates, provincial wages are lesser. The amenities are like conspicuous everywhere in Metro Manila than anywhere in Luzon. Worldly things are just hard to resist that many people are flocking to Metro Manila. The same thing happens in metropolitan cities of the Visayas and Mindanao. Consequently, farms are somewhat abandoned for the sake of seeking financial gains from working in factories or offices. This exodus of farm workers leaving the farm could somehow create a vacuum in the farms. Food production thus construed as a sign of poverty. There appears to be three major points of view from which to approach the controversial reproductive health bill, namely: legal, moral, and scientific. This is so since, the proposed legislative measure once enacted into law will affect society. In short, there are many stakeholders by differing institutional concerns. It then becomes difficult to erect a tripod to hold the issue that has carried so much weight. There are those who think, once legislated, the proposed Reproductive Health will in fact set the stage for other anti-life laws or so-called D.E.A.T.H. bills (acronym for death, euthanasia, abortion, two-child policy, and homosexuality). The problem that has been viciously overlooked in our legislative mill is the fact that legislators themselves violate the rule that a bill should have only one subject matter. Up until today, there is a serious opposition to a reproductive health bill in whatever form or substance it comes simply because there are such groups or organizations that are against it. For instance, the CBCP is against it and for that matter other like-minded Catholic sub-groups. True enough, from the time it was first filed in the past Congresses, the bill already experienced a string of failures – to be passed into law – owing to provisions that are questionable legally, morally, and scientifically. It can be said that again, this proposed HB 812 may go through another rough sailing unless it can be railroaded in Congress and Senate. One theory stands in defense of the bill which claims it is necessary in order to curb population growth which is now pegged at 86 million Filipinos as well as for the sake of limited resources such as rice. But the myth of this Malthusian fear has already been settled long ago and it does not anymore hold water. Why a ‘zero population growth’ as that which was a  matter of policy in the whole of the United States and Europe? If we consider the earnings being remitted into our country from OFWs as the single factor that buoys up our fledging if pale economy, then we should have no reason to argue against this bill. That ‘zero population policy’ practiced by countries in the First Bloc now reached the irreversible scenario of a graying population that depletes their respective economies in heavy state subsidies. The National Academy of Science and Technology supports reproductive health bill. The Catholic Church or the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines does not. There are pro-life advocates versus pro-choice advocates. This camp says it involves no abortion, another camp says otherwise. This group claims contraceptives to be abortifacient, another such group claims it is not so. Within the legal community, a wedge divides their sentiments as to whether it is against the Divine Law to allow any room of choice toward abortion or to some extent euthanasia. Cases of abortion do sometimes involve â€Å"life-boat ethics† – that Catch 22 of having to choose which person to save – the unborn babe or the mother. There are issues at every loop, claims at every turn, and cries in every direction the bill takes – for or against. Moralists, legalists, scientists follow their own lines of thinking that are parallel unto one another – no lines intersect. There is where the problem lies. Is it then possible to weave from various strands or threads a beautiful tapestry of the proposed bill? Has it become time to curb population growth or corruption? CONCLUSION Whether it is called reproductive health, or responsible parenthood, the debate is a polarizing one. The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines came out with a pastoral letter, on the issue of the Reproductive Health/Responsible Parenthood Bill. Their words, alleging they come from the spring well of morality. It is why when you read, or listen to the pastoral letter, or the position of the Church they think that contraceptives are immoral, or are abominations. There is nothingwrong with that position, and it is a perfectly valid one from a certain point of view. On the other end of the spectrum, the proponents of the Reproductive Health Bill say, â€Å"yes we should.† What the proposed legislation is about: it asks the government to explain to men and women, regardless whether they are married, single or of age, about their human bodies. They teach about a full range of methods— natural family planning, artificial contraceptions, from Condoms to IUDs to the Pil l and the morning after pill and everything else in between. Now, all this isn’t new. Growing up and studying in a Catholic school, these were things taught to us. And at the end of the day, it is about making an informed decision on what’s important to us. Biologically? Men have their urges. Women have their needs. Science tells us that the human race has been around for about 150,000 years. We wouldn’t be here if humans didn’t have those instincts. What the bill proposes to do is to put everything in the forefront. To make informing people mandatory, and to put the choice front and center and readily available for every Filipino, regardless of age, or social status. This chasm is just one of many philosophical differences that make it impossible for both the Pro Reproductive Health and the Anti Reproductive health proponents from ever seeing eye to eye. What of President Aquino? The President during the campaign was explicit. He does not fully support the reproductive health bill in the form that it was during the campaign. He was explicit that he believed that the reproductive health bill should be renamed, responsible parenthood bill. The President’s position, based on his Platform when he ran for public office could be summed up as: 1. He is against abortion; 2. He recognizes that there is a population explosion; 3. He is in favor of giving couples the right to choose to manage their families; 4. He believes in cases where the couple is too poor, or is in no position to make an informed decision that the state must take responsibility. 5. He wants all options to be equally presented. That means including Natural Family planning up to modern family methods. 6. He believes  that Parents should play a key role in ensuring every child they bring into the world will have the opportunity to lead good lives. The Aquino position is a logical and fair one. Parents should really play a role in their family’s future. Giving everyone an informed choice, and letting them decide on what to do, instead of ramming the choice down their throat is the logical thing to do. The proposed legislation then has basically met many of those requirements. So, is this still the Aquino position on the issue? If not, what has changed? Rumor has it that Aquino isn’t so hot on the RH Bill. The President of course looks at the priority legislation and sees what he can pass that does the biggest benefit. Did the President see that putting the Reproductive Health Bill or Responsible Parenthood bill on the agenda would prevent other, equally important legislation sidetracked? This is my disappointment with the Aquino Administration. Just come out and say so, and be honest about the whys on the matter. This is why many of those who supported the Administration are coming out to say, â€Å"this isn’t the change we signed up for.† They are so disillusioned with the state of things. In an issue as charged and as polarizing as Reproductive Health or Responsible Parenthood bill or however legislators want to call it, there is a simple way to break the impasse. The President uses all the power of discernment he has. The President simply decides. The RH Bill is about responsibility. It is about making an informed decision, and it appears not just for Filipinos, but for the President as well. But responsibility is not just for the economic well-being of a person but for his/her spiritual well-being too. When we talk about morals, we also must think about our personal responsibility to our own souls, and faithfulness to the church, being the body of Christ. By following or not following what the church teaches is an expression of personal liberty from the dictates of anyone. However, by following the church, the ultimate dictate for human salvation is paramount. After all, just as Christ Himself used to say in the Gospel, â€Å"Thy faith has saved you†, we shall be saved from our steadfastness to our faith. PUNCHLINES â€Å"Safe and satisfying sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Delivered by Sen. Pia Cayetano in her defense of the Reproductive Health Bill, which she authored with Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago, which she means to say women should have the right to safe and satisfying sex. This phrase was moved by Sen. Vicente Sotto to be removed from the bill. â€Å"RH bill is being gift wrapped to look like a gift for maternal health care (even if) it will lead to greater crimes against women.† Catholic Bishops Conference Of The Philippines (CBCP) â€Å"Show me the same law!† Reaction of Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago to Sen. Vicente Sotto’s statement that the Reproductive Health Bill is redundant â€Å"Is there gender discrimination in Philippine society?†Ã‚  Debate between RH bill sponsor Sen. Pia Cayetano and Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile â€Å"Our biggest export is OFWs (Overseas Filipino Workers). That is export. That’s why I’m against RH.† Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile’s statement in his opposition to the RH Bill â€Å"Long after we are gone, we will leave behind not just a law but a whole mentality and a whole culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle warned of the bill’s effect on Filipino Culture and the youth.

Bahamas Electricity Corporation

The Bahamas Electricity Corporation (BEC) is a government owned corporation. The corporation supplies electricity in the Bahamas except for the Grand Bahama and Inagua where their supply of electricity is outsourced. (www. fortune. com, 2005). The current minister in charge of its operation is the Minister of Public Works and Utilities, Phenton Newmour. Its current general manger is Kevin Basden. The Corporation was founded in the year 1956 through the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and Electricity Act. In the year 1994, there have been several issues in the Bahamas Electricity Corporation regarding the corruption of the employees.There are also issues regarding the fulfillment of the agreements that the corporation had promised to its union members. The following problems would be discussed in the next few paragraphs II. Corruption inside BEC In the year 2004, it had been stressed in an article written by Candia Dames that Corruption had struck in the BEC. Loss of about $100 million ov er the last five years had been estimated. According to Dames (2004),these losses was due to the business persons and BEC employees conspiracy that involves the practice of meter tampering. In the year 2003, the new figures reveal that the company had lost a total of $ 18.54 Million in non-technical losses. New Providence accounted for 79. 82% or $ 14. 79 Million in losses and 20. 19% or 3. 75 Million Dollars. Possible consequences that could happen because of these assumed conspiracy is that the reputation of the company could be torn to shreds and as such, the people’s trust would definitely decrease. It had been further explained that the company had used several countermeasures to avoid further losses. According to Ms. Dames, the company would be putting a new electricity consumption meters which is read automatically.The meters would be put into place and a precautionary had also been added as a feature of the meters which can be read automatically. Another reason why th is particular device had been chosen is because the company would want to avoid the BEC workers to under read the meter which had been a cause of the losses that the company had incurred. III. Union Destabilization According to the article, the BEC needed to fulfill its side of the contract in Bahamas Electrical Workers Union. At the end of 2003, the union members in BEC had made several demands to the company.Among the issues that they wanted to be resolved are wage increases and improved pension funds. Current contribution that the company makes amount to 13%of each workers’ salary to the pension fund. However, an actuarial report had been shown about the pension fund. It shows that the company is not putting enough money for the pension funds of the employees. Based on the report, the underfunded amount is around $22 million. The solution that the company had thought of is to makeup for the shortfalls of the company by increasing contributions to 16. 6%.Computing the total annual increase, the 16. 6% shows an annual increase of $4. 5 million to $5. 7 million. Even though the company had already established this, the union had still demanded for an increase of 26. 2% which means that the annual contribution must be $7. 6 million. The company had declared that they are not capable of paying a very large amount of 26. 2%. The article reveals that a merit system for the workers is being pushed to an agreement. The merit system works to reward the employees beginning in the third year of the contract.The salary increases between 3 to 8% based on the job performance. IV. Conclusion V. Points to Ponder To analyze the case it is important to have points to think about in order to have a deep analysis of the case. First question about the case is about the solution that the company had thought of in order to reduce losses. â€Å"Is the solution of changing meters a good solution? †. Another question that could be addressed is that â€Å"Since the prob lem in the company had rooted from unethical practice, shouldn’t the solution involve ethical training of the employees? †.Third question for the case is that â€Å"Was the company transparent about the fact that they were not able to pay for the pension fund? †. The transparency of the company must be shown in this case because if this is established, it can be concluded that the company is open to its financial situation. Being open about the status of the company is being honest to the employees. Lastly, there had been several comments on the reward system that must be established. The question for case analysis is â€Å"Shouldn’t there be an evaluation system for the employees in a frequent basis such as quarterly, monthly?† Most companies use the performance evaluation as a means to increase the salary of the employee and at the same time to determine whether the employee deserves to be promoted or trained to improve his or her performances. RE FERENCES: Dames, C. 2004. Corruption Rocks BEC. Retrieved last March 20, 2008 from Geocities. Website: http://www. geocities. com/bzephyr2002/BECC. html Fortune. 2005. Bahamas Electric Corporation. Retrieved last March 19, 2008 from Fortune. Website: http://www. timeinc. net/fortune/services/sections/fortune/intl/media/2005_11caribbean. pdf

Critical Evaluation of the Accenture on the Innovation Death Spiral Article

Critical Evaluation of the Accenture on the Innovation Death Spiral - Article Example Market evaluation at IBM limited may involve looking critically into the business environment to identify the needs and wants of the customers and come up with proper ways to meet the identified needs. It may further involve empowering employees through various methods such as providing them with train programs. Innovation may also be tracked by identifying whether the company is able to provide its employees with the necessary motivation to ensure the necessary job gets done as intended (Bessant and Tidd, 2013). Innovation at IBM limited may also be tracked via identifying the ability of the company to establish proper networks with customers, suppliers and all stakeholders. This means that for IBM limited to be successful it must be in opposition to establish clear communication networks. The networks may help to collect information regarding the market demand and look forward to how the identified needs could be met in a more effective and efficient manner. Finally, innovation may be tracked via the continuous search for the necessary advice that may help to keep the IBM limited from moving forward. This means that strong leadership may be required to lead others towards channeling their efforts toward realizing organization goals and objectives (Adair, 2009). The three most important approaches may be used to prevent IBM limited from moving towards the death spiral such approaches include; breakthrough, platform, and incremental innovations. Breakthrough innovation approach may be suitable for IBM limited given that it is a large organization that has large capital investments. This approach has been proved to be successful at Apple Company on it’s I pad brand. The second type of innovative approach that may be applied by IBM Limited may involve platform innovation.  

Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gay Marriage - Essay Example Same sex couples consider marriage to be their right owing to the fact that every being deserves liberty. It has also been identified that a person is born with the characteristics of a homosexual. Same sex couples wish to lead normal lives without any societal bias and discrimination. On the other hand, same sex marriages are opposed by religious and moral groups who consider it to be unnatural. It is also argued that it is not a normal way of leading life and they present that same sex marriages should not be permitted. The opponents of gay marriages have important points to make. They argue that same sex marriages should not be promoted and the reasons that they explain are the researches which uphold the fact that gay marriages have very high failure rates and similar drawbacks. A normal heterosexual marriage lasts for a period of approximately 20 years on an average. On the other hand, same sex marriages have a very low comparative average with the lasting period being only one and a half years. It is argued that this low success rate has nothing to do with the discrimination that gays face in the society and this fact is upheld by a research conducted in Netherlands. In this country, same sex marriages have been legalized and the research concludes that despite of this, the same sex marriages only last for one half years there on an average.

All these museum pieces of the once-proud native Americans Essay

All these museum pieces of the once-proud native Americans - Essay Example All these museum pieces of the once-proud native Americans It is the equivalent of celebrating something that belonged to a bygone era when these tribes ruled vast areas of America, from the beginning of time to eternity but it was destined to be that way. The museums seem to be an effort by white men to expiate themselves of their sins in dispossessing these people of their ancient lands that had belonged to their ancestors. Once mighty and proud warriors have been reduced to living in reservations as if they have to be segregated on their own land and sometimes eking out a living on marginal land. A case in point would be the native American Indians in California. They had 300,000 people of different tribes when the first Spanish settlers, soldiers and priests first arrived in the area around 1769. In fact, California had the densest pre-Columbian population anywhere that is north of Mexico yet this almost disappeared by the turn of the twentieth century, less than 20,000 were left, an almost unspeakable tragedy caused by disease, wars and exploitation. The rapid population decrease led to the disappearance of around 500 distinct tribes (Margolin, 1993) and along with them their way of life, their songs and dances, customs about courtship, marriage, adolescence and growing old. Also lost were their prescribed burning practices that honors their environment, preventing degradation through siltation, floods and landslides.

Written paper discussin the provision for a child identified as having Essay

Written paper discussin the provision for a child identified as having special education needs - Essay Example The major behavioural problems observed with children are autism, attention deficit syndrome disorder, dyslexia and Asperger syndrome and these problems hamper the ability of children to learn well. Two levels of interventions, wave 2 and wave 3 are designed for children who require special educational needs and the latter gives individual care for those children. Children need different types of interventions since their learning problems are different from child to child. At first, the need of the child must be identified and specific provision must be given according to the identified needs. The interventions for the students who require special educational needs are implemented in nursery, primary and secondary levels of education and there are SEN departments in each school having a SENCO (Special Educations Needs Coordinator). Children who want special education need to procure a statement, stating the special needs and special provision of the child and this statement for the child is given on the basis of statutory assessment. The â€Å"special education needs† has a legal implication for providing service for the children who are not able to learn with time, as their friends do. The extra assistance which are required for those children are in â€Å"schoolwork, reading, writing, number work or understanding information, expressing themselves or understanding what others are saying, making friends or relating to adults, behaving properly in school, organizing themselves and some kind of sensory or physical needs which may affect them in school.† (What are Special Educational Needs?). The state asks for the school and nursery authorities to identify the children who are having learning disability and the SEN program is designed for helping those children. Once the child is identified, as requiring special educational needs, the school authorities have to formulate an educational plan to help the student, in

World hotels Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World hotels - Literature review Example The location fits the expensive pockets and those who are sourced from selected categories. It is however competent when in business with other hotels and casinos (Aaker, 1997). This Resort is situated in a city space; therefore, the aspect of country or outdoorsy has been violated in the five elements of brand personality. The excitement is not exactly felt by its look as it is presented as more formal than exciting here. It is, however, sophisticated and captures the business class. Grand Macau is sincere in its setting as well as competent among others (Aaker, 1997). The Monte Carlo, Singapore boasts of a ‘classic’ attraction and is located in a large open space. Ruggedness for its outdoorsy and tough look definitely reigns here. It gives a feeling of excitement and sophistication. However, it is not sincere, and no element of down to earth is factored here. It is somehow intimidating (Aaker,

Investigate into the Primacy and Recency effect Essay Example for Free

Investigate into the Primacy and Recency effect Essay The aim of this study was to investigate into the Primacy and Recency effect. The study was based on Glanzer and Cunitzs research (1966) who suggested that when remembering words, if given an interference task, the recency effect will be virtually eliminated. It was therefore predicted that when a group of participants were recalling words after having an interference task there would be little, if no recency effect. However it was also predicted that when an interference task was not involved there would be both a primacy and recency effect. The experiment was conducted on two groups of participants, 20 in each group. They were all students between the age of 16 and 18. This was an independent experiment. The findings form this study indicated that there was less of a recency effect when using an interference task then when not. Introduction The aim of this investigation to find out whether people remember material at the beginning of a list better than material at the end. A further aim is to show that when participants take a memory test with the involvement of an interference task there is no recency effect. The recency effect can be defined as the tendency to recall items at the end of the list more readily than those in the middle (about the last 25%). The recency effect occurs due to the last lot of information still being in short term store. A familiar example of the recency effect is the observation that a pop group is only as good as there last hit song. People tend to remember things more clearly if they have happened recently. The recency effect can be measured using free recall, where participants are shown a list of words, and the later asked to recall them. The recency effect is shown by the fact that the last few words in the list are usually remembered better than the middle. However, Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) found that counting backwards for only 10 seconds between the end of the list presentation and the start of recall (thus producing and interference task) virtually eliminated the recency effect, but had no other effect on recall. This can be explained by the fact that the counting backwards interfered with the process of creating memory and so this wiped out the words towards the end of the list. It can be seen that the rest of the list was not affected by the interference task, as they were now in long-term memory store. In Glanzer and Cunitz experiment the participants recalled the first few items in the list much better than those in the middle, this is known as the primacy effect. The primacy effect can be defined as a high level of free recall of the first items in a list (about the first 25%). The primacy effect depends mainly on rehearsal, in that the words at beginning of the list are rehearsed for longer than those in the middle. The primacy effect was shown by Rundus and Atkinson (1970), who asked their participants to rehearse out loud any of the words they wanted to during list presentation. The recency effect is found when the results of a free recall task are plotted in the form of a serial position curve. Generally, this curve is U-shaped, and the recency effect corresponds to the tail of the U on the right. This tail indicates that words presented at the end of a list of to-be-remembered items are better remembered than words presented in the middle of this list. It is called the recency effect because these items were the ones presented most recently to the subject in the memory experiment. The primacy effect is found when the results of a free recall task are plotted in the form of a serial position curve. Generally, this curve is U-shaped, and the primacy effect corresponds to the tail of the U on the left. This tail indicates that words presented at the start of a list of to-be-remembered items are better remembered than words presented in the middle of this list. It is called the primacy effect because these items were the ones presented first to the subject in the memory experiment. The diagram below shows the multi-store model of memory designed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). It shows us how rehearsal is a vital part of the memory system. This model of memory can help to explain why interference will eliminate the recency effect. The recency effect is part of the short-term memory store, in that it is the last piece of information taken in and so, like all information, it goes into short-term store first. What allows us to remember this information is through rehearsal, thus temporarily keeping it in short-term memory store. It is therefore clear to see that if rehearsal is taken away, as it is through an interference task, then there will be no recency effect. Experimental hypothesis If given a list of words to remember, involving an interference task, when recalled there will be a strong primacy effect, and little, if no recency effect. This, one tailed hypothesis was formulated as previous research has indicated the existence of a primacy effect, and the elimination of the recency effect when using an interference task. However when undertaking the same task without interference there should be both a primacy and recency effect. Null hypothesis If given a list of words to remember involving an interference task, when recalled there will be no difference between how strong the recency and primacy effect is. Method Within this investigation there are two groups of participants, consisting of 20 different people in each group. The participants used were all A level students and were asked at random if they willing to take part. Some of these students studied psychology at A level themselves and so may have known what the investigation was about, thus possibly affecting the final results. The type of design being used is that of independent measures. There are two main variables in this investigation, which will later be correlated; these are word number and the total number of times each word was remembered by the participants.